Formation of complex two-dimensional dissipative solitons via spontaneous symmetry breaking

Abstract

We propose a complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) with localized linear gain as a two-dimensional model for pattern formation proceeding via spontaneous breaking of the axial symmetry. Starting from steady-state solutions produced by an extended variational approximation, simulations of the CGLE generate a vast class of robust solitary structures. These are varieties of asymmetric rotating vortices carrying the topological charge (TC), and four- to ten-pointed revolving stars, whose angular momentum is decoupled from the TC. The four- and five-pointed stars feature a cyclic change of their structure in the course of the rotation.