Abstract
Development of matrices (carriers) for cells with the use of micro- and nanoparticles of various types is one of the key problems in creation of bioartificial organs, because the sizes and structural characteristics of these particles may make them compatible with cultured cellular structures. There are various physicochemical methods of the formation of microheterogeneous mosaic structures imitating the morphological and other characteristics of the surface of biological structures. Therefore, it is important to study the interaction of synthetic and natural (geyserite) opal matrices with cellular systems in order to develop biocompatible materials, including those used in reconstructive plastic surgery. Geyserites (siliceous sinters) are deposits of amorphous silica formed from thermal waters of hot springs, microorganisms being necessarily involved in the process. Specific bacterial communities consisting of both producers (phototrophs and chemotrophs) and reducers occur in places where thermal waters come out of the ground. Bacterial mats varying in the silica content are often formed in these systems; therefore, geyserites are usually classified with biogenic deposits. Several “genetic” types of geyserites are distinguished; they differ from one another in the size and distribution of silica particles and the amount of silicified remnants of microorganisms [1, 2].
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