Forest ecosystem research — priorities for Europe

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 中国-中东欧国家森林生态系统研究重点对比及合作方向分析——基于文献计量研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202107131880 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中国-中东欧林业合作联合研究中心平台构建(2018Q00161) Focus of forest ecosystem research and cooperation direction between China and the Central and Eastern European countries based on bibliometric research Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:中国-中东欧国家林业合作(17+1林业合作)是中国-中东欧国家合作的重要组成部分。为了明确双方林业研究的重点,使17+1林业合作更有针对性的开展,通过比较中国和中东欧17国森林生态系统研究状况,探究中国和中东欧17国森林生态系统研究的共同方向和领域,为中国-中东欧国家林业合作提供支撑。采用文献计量分析软件Citespace和VOSviewer对Web of Science核心库收录的中国和中东欧17国在2016-2020年期间发表的论文进行比较分析,内容涵盖国家、研究机构、作者、关键词的共现分析和关键词突现分析。分析结果显示:①中东欧17个国家之间的森林生态系统研究论文发表状况差异明显,其中波兰和捷克两国在森林生态系统研究领域发表论文数量最多,发文量分别占中东欧国家发文总量的26.91%和23.52%,篇均被引频次分别为8.46次/篇和9.85次/篇。②中国森林生态系统研究发表论文数量12951篇,高于中东欧国家总和8952篇,篇均被引用频次为8.58次/每篇,低于中东欧国家平均值9.90次/篇。③气候变化、生物多样性、森林土壤是中国与中东欧国家共同的研究重点。④中国的研究重点还包括人工林质量改善等。中东欧国家的研究重点还包括重金属,主要表现在重金属污染、评估及土壤和植被修复。通过对中国和中东欧国家森林生态系统研究领域发表的论文分析,为中国与中东欧国家林业合作提供以下建议:中国与中东欧国家开展林业研究合作,在气候变化方面的合作对象有波兰科学院、华沙大学、捷克生命科学大学;生物多样性方面的合作对象有捷克生命科学大学、捷克科学院、波兰科学院;土壤微生物方面的合作对象有塔尔图大学、波兰科学院;土壤重金属方面研究的合作对象有克拉科夫农业大学、波兰科学院、波兰格但斯克大学;病虫害防治方面的合作对象有捷克生命科学大学。 Abstract:China-CEEC (the Central and Eastern European countries) forestry cooperation, also known as 17+1 forestry cooperation, is an important part of China-CEEC cooperation. To clarify the focus of forestry research between the two parties and make the 17+1 forestry cooperation more targeted, this study explored the common direction and field of forest ecosystem research between China and the 17 countries in the Central and Eastern Europe by comparing their forest ecosystem research status. The purpose of the research is to provide support for China-CEEC forestry cooperation. In this paper, citation spatial analysis tool (Citespace and VOSviewer) were used to compare and analyze the papers that had been published in China and 17 countries in Central and Eastern European and included in the Web of Science Core Collection during 2016—2020. The dataset covers countries, research institutions, authors, keyword co-occurrence analysis and burst keyword analysis. The results show that: ①the number of published papers on forest ecosystem research among 17 countries in the Central and Eastern Europe are obviously different. Among them, Poland and the Czech Republic published the most papers in the field of forest ecosystem research, accounting for 26.91% and 26.91% of the total number of papers published by the CEEC. The articles of the two countries are cited 8.46 times/article and 9.85 times/ article, respectively. ② The number of forest ecosystem research papers published by China is 12951, which is higher than the total number of 8952 papers in the CEEC, and the citation of each article is 8.58 times, which is lower than the average of 9.90 times/article in the CEEC. ③Climate change, biodiversity, and forest soil are the common research priorities of China and Central and Eastern European countries. ④China’s research priorities also include improving the quality of plantation forests. The research priorities of the CEEC also include heavy metals, which are mainly manifested in heavy metal pollution, assessment, and soil and vegetation restoration. Based on the analysis of papers published in the forest ecosystem research field of China and the CEEC, the research provides the following suggestions for forestry cooperation between China and The CEEC: For China, the partners in climate change include the Polish Academy of Sciences, the University of Warsaw, and Czech University of Life Sciences; the partners in biodiversity include the Czech University of Life Sciences, the Czech Academy of Sciences, and the Polish Academy of Sciences; the partners in soil microbiology are the University of Tartu, the Polish Academy of Sciences; The partners in soil heavy metals are Krakow Agricultural University, the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the University of Gdansk in Poland; the partners in the pest control is the Czech University of Life Sciences. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Chapter 22 - Towards Supersites in Forest Ecosystem Monitoring and Research

The greatest advance in ecosystem research was made in the last century. The development and acceptance of forest ecology by foresters occurred because it provided a means for recognizing, understanding, classifying and mapping the natural variation of forests. Forest ecology involved studies at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels but such studies always needed to involve the ecosystem concept. Today, the new concept of “ecosystem and landscape forestry” integrating ecological and socio-economic research has been developed on the basis of EU COST Action E-25 European Network for a Long-term Forest Ecosystem and Landscape Research Programme. An analysis has been carried out of the present situation in forest research in the Czech Republic. The need for forest ecosystem and landscape research is obvious.

One of the most important issues related to landscape ecology and ecosystem services is finding the pattern of habitat patches that offers the highest pollination in agricultural landscapes. In this regard, two processes of habitat loss and fragmentation strongly affect the relationship between pollination and the pattern of habitat patches. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on pollination separately. For this purpose, first, we generated different simulated agricultural landscapes, including two habitats of forest and agriculture. Then, according to the Lonsdorf model, we estimated the potential of the simulated landscapes in providing pollination in different scenarios. Finally, using statistical models, we estimated the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on pollination at the landscape and farm levels. Our results showed that the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on pollination were completely different at the landscape and farm levels. At the landscape level, fragmentation negatively affected pollination, but at the farm level, the maximum pollination rate was observed in the landscapes with a high degree of fragmentation. Regarding the habitat loss effects, our results showed that pollination decreased linearly at the landscape level as habitat amount decreased, but at the farm level, it decreased exponentially. The present study considered the level of analysis (i.e., landscape and farm levels) as a critical factor affecting pollination changes caused by fragmentation. We showed that using the Lonsdorf model could lead to confusing results for the landscape ecologists and alert farmers who want to reduce the adverse effects of fragmentation on their products by creating new forest patches. Therefore, agriculturalists and landscape ecologists should consider that the pollination rate at the landscape and farm levels is completely different according to the model and provide contradictory results about the process of habitat loss effects on pollination.

Integrity, stability and management of protection forests in the European Alps

<p indent="0mm">Meteorological elements are essential observation indicators in field station networks such as Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN) and Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network (CNERN). The meteorological data collected at forest ecosystem stations is of great significance to study climate change, weather forecasting, and the response and adaptation mechanisms of forest ecosystems to climate change. Baotianman Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station in Henan Province lies in the transitional zone between the north-subtropical and warm temperate regions in China. Its climate and forest type, such as the natural oak forest, are highly representative. This dataset is based on the raw data from 2015 to 2023 collected from the standard surface meteorological observation field and micrometeorology observation tower at Baotianman Station. After data processing and quality control, the dataset is presented in half-hour intervals. The indicators in the dataset include atmospheric elements (air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, photosynthetically active radiation, net radiation, total radiation, atmosphere pressure, and rainfall) and soil elements (soil temperature at 3 depths, soil water content at 3 depths, and soil heat flux). With its high temporal resolution and long time series, the dataset is valuable for the study of climate change, weather forecasting, and forest ecosystem resilience in warm temperate zones of China.

This fourth annual overview of Canadian forest research priorities has been compiled by the Forestry Research Advisory Council of Canada (FRACC) for the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers. It is based on the top five priorities for forest research as identified by the provincial forest research advisory bodies.The topics from each group were scored on a scale of 5 points for top priority down to 1 point for lowest priority. The resulting 10 forest research topics are presented here in descending order of priority:• Integrated resource management and decision support.• Pest and weed management and alternatives to chemicals.• Environmental effects of forest management.• Ecological knowledge for intensive forest management.• Forest growth and yield data.• Increased productivity, tree improvement, and regeneration.• Forest inventory and site classification.• Silviculture and harvesting methods, and cost reduction.• Forest fire management and control.• Mixedwood management.Research on wood processing and development of new products was also recognized as important, but it is not the primary focus of FRACC and hence was not rated. Modern information handling systems, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology were also judged important, but these are research tools rather than forest research topics and were not rated.The evolution of priorities over the four years of reporting was examined. A strict comparison was not possible because the methods of the first two reports differed from those of the last two. However, it was possible to assign a general priority rating (high, medium, etc.) for the earlier years for the priority topics identified in this current report.No dramatic shifts were detected. "Integrated resource management and decision support" remains high priority. It is significant that three subjects, all bearing on the environment, have moved up in priority and are now rated 2, 3, and 4. These topics are "Pest and weed management and alternatives to chemicals"; "Environmental effects of forest management"; and "Ecological knowledge for intensive forest management.'' "Silviculture and harvesting methods, and cost reduction" has also moved up whereas two topics, "Forest growth and yield data" and "Higher productivity, tree improvement, and regeneration" have moved down. Other items have not changed appreciably. Research priorities do not seem to be changing faster than research agencies can adapt to them.Twelve issues that are likely to affect future research priorities were identified as follows:• Concern and input about sustainable forestry and the environment.• Managing non-timber values and a shrinking timber land base.• Global trade, competition, and world public opinion.• Under-funding and phase-out of federal-provincial agreements.• Accuracy of forest models for sustainable forestry.• Lack of data on the socio-economic values of forests.• Land claims and forestry on aboriginal lands.• Intensive management of the boreal mixedwood forest.• Economics of secondary forest products industry.• Increasing need for accurate information at all levels.• New provincial policies on forestry and forest protection.• Farm forestry for wood and shelterbelts.Research funding varies greatly across the country. Funds provided through the federal-provincial agreements are vital everywhere. Under-funded subjects are listed below; they are ranked by the ratio on the right, which represents the number of jurisdictions that classified the topic as under-funded over the number that identified it as a priority.Pest and weed management and alternatives to chemicals 4/7Environmental effects of forest management 3/6Ecological knowledge for intensive forest management 2/4Forest growth and yield data 2/4Forest fire management and control 2/4Integrated resource management and decision support 4/10Forest inventory and site classification 1/3Silviculture and harvesting methods, and cost reduction 1/3Increased productivity, tree improvement, and regeneration 1/5Mixedwood management 0/1Forestry research in Canada is considered well focused on requirements, but improvement is needed in the local application of research results.

With successful antiretroviral therapy, patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are living longer; however, recent reports suggest increased rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) among HIV-infected patients,1 and cardiovascular disease has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this population.2 Increased CHD rates in the HIV population may relate to traditional risk factors, including advancing age, higher smoking rates, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance. Cardiovascular disease may also be due to nontraditional factors, including changes in body composition with loss of subcutaneous fat and/or accumulation of visceral fat in some patients, inflammation, and direct effects of the virus on the vasculature, as well as to direct effects of specific antiretroviral drugs. Important questions remain as to the pathogenesis, detection, and treatment of cardiovascular disease and related risk factors in HIV-infected patients. These questions concern, among other things, the design of adequate trials to determine CHD incidence and the utility of existing CHD guidelines for screening, prevention, treatment, and risk stratification. To ascertain the state of the science with respect to these and related questions, a multidisciplinary conference with interested HIV specialists, cardiologists, endocrinologists, primary care physicians, National Institutes of Health representatives, and patient advocates was convened June 28–30, 2007, in Chicago, Ill, and chaired by Drs Steven Grinspoon and Robert Eckel. The discussions focused on 6 areas of interest, each with its own working group, including the following: (1) the contribution of metabolic and anthropometric abnormalities to cardiovascular disease risk factors (chaired by Drs Carl Grunfeld and Donald Kotler); (2) the epidemiological evidence for cardiovascular disease and its relationship to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART; chaired by Drs Judy Currier and Jens Lundgren); (3) the effects of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on the heart and vasculature (chaired by Drs Michael Dube …

The Forestry Research Advisory Council of Canada in cooperation with provincial and territorial forest research advisory committees has prepared this fifth annual review of forest research priorities for the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers.The top five priorities from each committee were scored from 5 points for highest priority down to 1 point for lowest. The resulting 11 research topics in descending order of priority are:1. Integrated forest landscape management systems and decision support.2. Inventory, growth and yield, ecological site classification.3. Ecosystem functioning, soil and biodiversity conservation.4. Pest and weed management and alternatives to chemicals.5. Ecological effects of natural and human-caused disturbances.6. Lower-cost silviculture and harvesting, natural regeneration.7. Forest fire management and control.8. Socio-economic knowledge and resolution of resource use conflicts.9. Mixedwood management.10. Incentives for private investment.11. Planting stock quality and tree improvement.Eight issues likely to affect future research priorities were identified by more than one respondent, as follows:1. Global trade, competition, and world public opinion.2. Concern and input about sustainable forestry and the environment.3. Public participation.4. New policies on forestry, tenure, sales, and forest protection.5. Lack of long-term research funding, communication, and coordination.6. Shortage of fiber, long-term viability of the industry.7. Land claims and forestry on aboriginal lands.8. Increasing need for information at all levels.Other concerns include climate change, government debt, population growth and shifts, and protected and old-growth forests.Discussion of these priorities and issues at a meeting of FRACC and representatives from the provincial and territorial committees produced some general conclusions, as outlined below.To resolve resource use conflicts and to manage forests sustainably for all benefits, managers need better information that only research can provide. The goal is management systems that produce a blend of outputs from the forest and maintain the diversity and mosaic structure of naturalforest ecosystems. This kind of forestry will meet the desires of most Canadians and go far to restore public confidence in forest management.In short, research must provide additional knowledge to enable forest managers to:• Sustain the diversity and resilience of the forest ecosystems.• Improve forest health and resistance to pests.• Increase forest productivity for all values.• Reduce forest management and fire protection costs.• Access all available knowledge and data in making decisions.• Determine the socio-economic value of Canadian forests.• Improve profits and competitiveness in the forest industry.Many feel that forestry research in Canada is quite well focused on these questions, but more effort is required to ensure sufficient long-term funding and to improve local application of research results.The usefulness of this annual survey of research priorities was reviewed. It was concluded that the annual meeting of FRACC with representatives of provincial and territorial research advisory committees and the annual presentation to CCFM are very useful. However, a survey of priorities every year is, in the light of experience, unnecessary. A biennial review of priorities is recommended, with presentation to CCFM and subsequent publication. In the alternate years, a workshop of FRACC and provincial and territorial committee representatives is suggested, which would examine a major research topic in depth and present the results and conclusions to CCFM. A report could be published if appropriate.

The Forest Accord that flowed from the Forest Congress of March 1992 carries firm commitments to "maintain and enhance the long term health of our forest ecosystems, for the benefit of all living things both nationally and globally." It recognizes forestry research as vital in attaining this goal.The Forestry Research Advisory Council of Canada (FRACC) has provided advice on forestry research priorities and policies to the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) since 1983. The Council is much encouraged by the Accord's strong emphasis on research.As a result of the 1987 decision by the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM), forest research advisory councils (FRACs) are now functioning in most provinces. FRACC works closely with these groups and for the past five years, with their assistance, has prepared an annual overview of forestry research priorities and concerns across Canada. Over the past year, the Council has reviewed its role and its working arrangements with the FRACs.In this 1993 report, Council makes the following recommendations:Recommendation 1. CFS research programs to improve and foster sustainable forest management should be aimed at maintaining viable, diverse forest ecosystems using techniques that mimic natural processes as much as possible, to produce an appropriate mix of values.Recommendation 2. The CFS should complete the update of the forestry research inventory and then give attention to further refining the software system. In particular, it should be made more flexible and adapted to manipulation by existing commercially available software.Recommendation 3. All agencies concerned with Canadian forest research should be urged to discuss and study the report Toward a National Forest Science and Technology Agenda for Canada.Recommendation 4. The CFS should strongly support the concept of alternating annual activities. An overview of research priorities could be conducted in odd-numbered years; then in even-numbered years, FRACC and representatives of the provincial and territorial councils could hold a workshop to examine a major research topic in depth and present the results and conclusions to the CCFM.Recommendation 5. The CFS should ensure that sufficient funding is available to cover at least three meetings of Council each year. It should also make a reasonable amount of staff time or contract funds available to Council for the conduct of analysis and studies.Recommendation 6. The CFS should review Council's terms of reference, and give direction on whether Council should make recommendations that go beyond the research programs of the CFS, and whether it should include forest products research in its examination of issues and priorities.The funding of forest research is a matter of serious concern, particularly the need to provide stable, long-term funding, because forest research is, by its nature, long term. No specific recommendations were prepared in 1993 but Council will continue to give this question close attention in 1994.Forest research priorities across the country were again assessed in cooperation with the provincial and territorial FRACs. It was agreed that forest research must be targeted to enable forest managers to:• Sustain the diversity and resilience of the forest ecosystems.• Improve forest health and resistance to pests.• Increase forest productivity for all values.• Reduce forest management and fire protection costs.• Access all available knowledge and data in making decisions.• Determine the socio-economic value of Canadian forests.• Improve profits and competitiveness in the forest industry.Forest research in Canada is considered to be reasonably well focused on these questions, but more effort is required to ensure long-term funding and to improve application of results.Council will hold three regular meetings in 1994. During the year it will give attention to:1. Global trends affecting forestry — including five or six major issues requiring research attention, and the implications they all have for forest research priorities.2. Progress of the forest research inventory.3. Development of a proposal for research coordination and support, as requested by the Forest Sector Advisory Council.4. How research is categorized, performed, and funded in Canada — to provide information useful in further improving the ongoing forest research inventory, and as a basis for the proposal on research funding being considered by Council.

In this paper, 1) a delineation of main theoretical, methodological and applicative issues of landscape ecology, 2) a comparison between landscape and ecosystem ecology, 3) a critical overview of actual limits of landscape ecology, are depicted. We conclude that: a) from a theoretical viewpoint, ecosystem and landscape ecology differ since they deal with ecological topics having very different spatial and temporal scales, b) from a practical standpoint, they deal with dissimilar purposes emerging both from unlike research scales and different approaches, as the interest of landscape ecology is mainly focused on the whole ecological mosaic rather than on single components, in this view assuming an "horizontal" ecological perspective, c) transdisciplinarity is still a work in progress in landscape ecology, d) several research purposes in landscape ecology are far from being reached, e) a bridge lacks between the "horizontal" perspective adopted from landscape ecology and the "vertical" approach distinctive of ecosystem ecology, therefore, they actually behave as detached disciplines. However, in our vision, landscape ecology contains the seeds for becoming a self-contained scientific discipline as well as the interface among the distinct sectors of environmental research and planning.

European forest ecosystems: building the future on the legacy of the past

Relating landscape characteristics to non-point source pollution in a typical urbanized watershed in the municipality of Beijing

Landscape ecological assessment: A tool for integrating biodiversity issues in strategic environmental assessment and planning

Visual-quality impacts of forest pest activity at the landscape level: A synthesis of published knowledge and research needs