Forensic Dimensions of Chronic Stress (PTSD) and its Impact on Brain Activity and Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: The effects of chronic stress on the brain and mental health are significant and are frequently linked to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The impact of persistent stress, especially PTSD, on the brain and mental health is examined in this study from a forensic perspective. To ensure fair evaluations, assessments, and decision-making procedures, the legal system needs to comprehend these ramifications. Aim:This study aims to investigate the neurobiological modifications, cognitive deficits, and psychological effects brought on by chronic stress and their applicability in a forensic setting. The study emphasizes the necessity for thorough evaluations in judicial procedures and seeks to shed light on the impact of prolonged stress on brain function and mental health. Methodology: Using pertinent keywords including chronic stress, brain structure, brain function, depression, anxiety, and PTSD, a thorough search of scientific databases was carried out, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Relevance to the subject, the study's caliber, and the publication date were all considered while choosing papers. Key facts and insights were determined by a comprehensive study of the literature. Results: Chronic stress affects emotional regulation, memory, and the stress response by causing neurobiological changes in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and HPA axis. Prolonged stress is accompanied by cognitive impairments, especially in PTSD, which include executive dysfunction and attention problems. Anxiety, sadness, and increased susceptibility to substance misuse are examples of psychological effects. Conclusion There are important forensic ramifications to persistent stress, particularly PTSD, on brain function and mental health. While psychological issues make it difficult to participate in court proceedings effectively, neurobiological changes and cognitive deficits might damage someone's credibility as a witness or victim. Fair evaluations require a bridge between neuroscience, mental health, and the legal system. Future studies should pinpoint distinct neuronal processes and consider efficient cures to lessen the effects on forensic outcomes.