Abstract
Recently, the two-point method of force–velocity (F–V) profiling of multi-joint human movements has been introduced and validated. In this study, we investigated the validity of estimating the jumping F–V profile using only bodyweight jump and isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) task. Participants (n = 30) performed 3 repetitions of squat (SJ) and counter-movement jumps (CMJ), each at loads that were progressively increased by 10 kg increments, with the number of loads depending on the individual’s ability. Then, 3 isometric MVC trials were performed in 3 knee angles (30°, 60° and 90°). F–V profiling of SJ and CMJ were performed using the multiple-point method, the two-point method, and the novel Jump-MVC method. The results showed poor to fair validity of the novel Jump-MVC method for assessing jumping F–V profile (most ICC < 0.5, most CV > 10%, significant systematic bias present, and the presence of proportional bias). The exception was the estimation of theoretical maximal power, which was highly valid for both SJ and CMJ (ICC = 0.91–0.95; CV = 5.0–6.3%). In contrast, validity of the two-point method was excellent (all ICC > 0.90; CV = 2–6%). Although additional studies are needed, present results suggest that the F–V profiling of vertical jumps should be performed using the two-point method with distal loads.
Highlights
The two-point method of force–velocity (F–V) profiling of multi-joint human movements has been introduced and validated
The variables related to the F–V relationship ( F0, V0, Pmax and F–V slope) were normally distributed for multipoint method (p = 0.076–0.770), two-point method (p = 0.066–0.601) and for the Jump-maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) method, regardless of the knee angle condition from which the data was used for F–V relationship calculation (p = 0.089–0.892)
In contrast to previous two-point methods, which are based on distal loads, we used a combination of bodyweight jumps and isometric MVC tasks to compute F–V profiles
Summary
The two-point method of force–velocity (F–V) profiling of multi-joint human movements has been introduced and validated. Along with force- and power-related parameters assessed during vertical jumps are associated with athletic performance, these variables represent only a limited aspect of jumping ability and cannot distinguish between force-, velocity- and power producing capacity[14,15] For this reason, there has recently been an increased interest in exploring the individual’s force–velocity (F–V) p rofile[16,17,18,19,20,21]. Garcia-Ramos and colleagues[26] tested the two-point method, which involved performing the jump only with zero additional load and with a high load (75 kg) They reported that this protocol is less fatiguing, reliable and valid (compared to the common multiple-point method) for determining F–V profiles for both squat jump (SJ) and counter-movement jump (CMJ). Heavy-load resistance exercise has been associated with injury r isk[29], and jumps are known to induce considerable forces on the lower limbs[30]
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