For what it is worth: The auction house as an arena for the performance of authenticity

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to observe the nature of documentation and the description used in object biographies by an auction house catalogue and an online museum collection database in relation opera costumes. This research aims to discuss the issues of cultural and economic value in relation to objects in the art world, and examine examples of object biographies for opera costumes that are sold at an auction and exhibited in a museum.Design/methodology/approachThe object biographies are compared from an auction house catalogue and the online museum collection database, based on two factors: costumes worn by a famous singer and costumes designed by a famous designer.FindingsThis study identified the valuation methods of auction houses and museums, including accounting for the market value and fair value, as well as social and cultural values. The nature of the documentation also clearly shows the different purpose of the object biographies. For auction houses the biography needs to be short and specific as it provides sufficient information and is read out at the auction, while art catalogues can also be used by experts as part of the conversation to understanding heritage value, and will also be viewed and used by researchers, investors, other auction house specialists and art world professionals.Research limitations/implicationsBy comparing two institutions, auction houses and museums, this study has shown that the information that is documented and how it is presented in object biographies is determined by the goals of the institutions. These goals may vary or overlap in providing information, demonstrating cultural importance, to be spoken allowed to an audience and make sales, or to educate, conserve and preserve.Practical implicationsThis study shows that to some extent museum online databases display their collection removed from cultural context, with an isolated image of the item, and in an organised, digitally accessible manner. A potential implication is that museums should not only digitally catalogue an item, but also provide discussion and the cultural background and significance of the item.Social implicationsAuction catalogues are written for a specific event (the auction), while the online museum collection database is meant to be a permanent record, which aims to digitally preserve objects and provide access to images and information to a general audience, and further could be edited with amendments or new information when future research or events lead to potential updates.Originality/valueThis study adds to the discourse on approaches to the understanding of costumes as an art object of significance and their potential cultural, economic and heritage value, particularly as represented in the documentation of object biographies.

The article examines the problem of overcoming the burdensome historical legacy of Nazism in the Federal Republic of Germany. Particular attention is attached to the mitigation of the impact of National Socialism on the cultural sphere. An important aspect of studying Nazi history is the analysis of the Weinmüller case, previously unknown archival documents that shed light on the dark pages of German history. The article discusses the place and role of the ‘Adolf Weinmüller’ art institution in Nazi art trade. It has been revealed that this famous art auction house laid the foundations for the development of modern art in Munich and paved the way for the “Neumeister” auction house. The author emphasizes that the provision of access to the private archives of the “Neumeister” auction house, which is the successor of ‘Adolf Weinmüller,’ was a breakthrough in solving national socialists’ crimes and an important step in overcoming the consequences of totalitarianism in Germany. By opening access to the archives of the auction house, Katrin Stoll, the owner of “Neumeister”, encouraged scholars tо conduct a detailed study. It is important to note that no other auction house in Germany has ever dared to take such bold steps. In such a way, the scientific basis was laid for a number of projects aimed at finding and declassifying archival documents. The author emphasizes that Germany’s experience in dealing with such an important problem as overcoming the burdensome historical legacy of Nazism through identification and restitution of property and cultural values looted by the Nazis, is invaluable. In recent decades, the process of addressing this range of problems has been put on a solid governmental footing. Keywords: Germany, auction houses “Adolf Weinmüller”, “Neumeister”, cultural values, collections, trafficking, alienation, National Socialism.

This study aims to investigate the impact of auction houses on the demand for business and cultural tourism, influencing travel experiences and shaping tourist expenditures. Using a decade of data and field observations, in-depth interviews were conducted with auction house stakeholders to explore the gap between starting and final selling prices and the tourist flow at these establishments. Tourist numbers were determined through “Office for National Statistics” data, and auction data were analysed using product catalogues and bid prices. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were employed to examine the relationship between tourist numbers and auction prices. The findings revealed no significant correlation between the selling prices of Islamic artefacts and tourist numbers; however, a robust connection was observed between auction prices and final selling prices. It is recommended to further analyse additional factors affecting tourist numbers. In light of these results, strategies emphasizing cultural and historical value are proposed for auction houses to enhance their tourist appeal, including the use of digital marketing and a reassessment of pricing strategies. This research underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between auction houses and the tourism industry, emphasizing the necessity for further studies to make progress in comprehending and developing more effective strategies within a concise framework.

With the development of the art market, the competition in the auction industry has become increasingly fierce. It has evolved from competition in local areas such as auctions, customers, and prices to competition in corporate brand image. Auction catalog design is one of the most important areas of brand image competition for auction houses and the most important competitive means for auction houses to promote themselves externally. This article takes Beijing Yongle International Auction Co., Ltd. as an example to explore how auction houses shape their brand image through auction catalogs. At the same time, it explores the design and production of auction houses' catalogs, as well as their important historical value and cultural relic research value.

In the recent years, a vast number of economic studies focused on the art market and on its development, as well as on the artists as agents of a labour market with features that are particular of art market. However, really few studies analyzed the functioning of the art market as a whole with a theoretical approach, often considering the artist as nothing more than a simple producer of artworks. This dissertation aims to enrich the economics literature with the above-mentioned missing parts. In Chapter 2 we build a model for studying the price formation in the private art market in a context of complete information and full rationality, using a game theory approach. In this first part, the key variables in this market are the market powers of the agents in the market, that define what is the channel through which a certain artwork reaches the public market. Chapter 3 firstly better defines what are the economic and cultural values and how their formation works for artworks, and then it introduces in the just-created framework the effects of information asymmetry among the agents operating in the market, and behavioural aspects in the choices of some of them: besides market powers, also information has a key role in the art market,and it mainly depends on artists’ characteristics, as fame and talent. Chapter 4 empirically investigates these artists’ characteristics, creating a new measure for them, through the use of hedonic regression and quantile hedonic regression, finding that this measure presents a bimodal distribution in all the specifications we implemented, coherently with the superstar theory in the art market, and that there exist various effects than influence the ranking created using our measure. Chapter 2 Chapter 2 analyses the pricing of artworks just created by an artist and sold for the first time in the art market, investigating the price-formation mechanism at work in the private art market. In particular, a game theory approach is used to consider the possible channels (paths) that a new artwork can take to reach a collector or an auction house, assuming price-maximizing agents with full information on market powers and reserve prices. The study is aimed to identify the relationships between the artwork prices and the market power of agents operating in each channel of the market. What we find is that the market power of each of the agents is key to identify the market channel that will be preferred by the artist and, then, her incentive in creating a new artwork. At the same time, the importance of art market intermediaries as the galleries in the formation of art prices is attested and their incentives to enter and remain in the market are confirmed. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 aims to explore the role of cultural and economic value, and of the information on private art market price formation; in this Chapter, we develop a bargaining game model in which we explicitly consider the effects of these issues. Furthermore, we introduce artists’ fame and talent as determinants of an artwork’s cultural and economic value. Assuming artists, galleries, and collectors have different levels of information on the quality of the artworks and on the characteristics of the artists, we study the behaviour of these agents and the potential emergence of disappointment for the sophisticated collectors and undertreatment for the unsophisticated ones. Artworks will be treated as credence goods, experience goods, or search goods, depending on the level of information each agent has at his disposal; this influences the way the price is formed and how the surplus of the trade is shared among the agents in certain particular trade channels. Chapter 4 In Chapter 4, we aim to empirically analyze those characteristics of the artists that influence cultural and economic values, in order to understand how the art market considers them in the formation of prices. To do so, using a unique hand-collected dataset from the Artist Re-sale Rights (ARR) archives of the Societ`a Italiana degli Autori ed Editori (SIAE), we build a novel index of artists’ talent and fame in the Italian art market. The distribution of this measure and the ranking of the artists’ index is analyzed in several model specifications, and the dynamics of the index is also qualitatively studied. Despite of the existence of a price effect, a time effect, and an art genre effect, coherently with the superstars theory, the bimodality of the distribution is confirmed in all our empirical findings.

This article is a sociological re-evaluation of the auction house, a central institution of the secondary art market. As an intermediary between buyers and sellers, the auction house is portrayed as an institution that straddles the poles of economic (calculative) and social (aesthetic) life. Relying on the work of Michel Callon and Barry Barnes, the process of the commoditization that takes place within auction houses is presented as a structuring mechanism through which symbolic, economic and cultural values are shaped and reinforced. In particular, the finitist calculative practices associated with commoditization (through the generation of estimated auction prices) are presented as responsible for reproducing the secondary art market and the aesthetic judgements on which it is based.

Both held by state auction houses and private auction houses, vehicle auctions themselves have become one of the important tools in motor property transactions in this country. Based on the records of the Financial Services Authority (OJK), vehicle auction transactions have shown an average annual growth trend of 15% since 2019, with a projected cumulative value of Rp7.2 trillion in 2023. This study is a normative study that studies the purpose of law, the values of justice, the validity of the rule of law, legal concepts, and legal norms. Normative legal research can also be said as a process to find the rule of law, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues faced. It can also be said that legal research is carried out to produce arguments, theories, or concepts as prescriptions or answers to the problems faced. The auction house has absolute responsibility for the accuracy of the information of the auction object, including verification of technical quality and disclosure of hidden defects. This obligation is based on: - PMK No. 113 / PMK.06/2019 (Article 12 letters c and d) which requires accurate physical, Administrative Verification and assessment of the condition of the object. - Act No. 8/1999 on Consumer Protection (Article 7 letter g and Article 8) which prohibits the provision of misleading information. - Article 1365 of the Civil Code on tort (PMH), in which the omission of verification (for example, not performing a test drive to detect transmission damage) meets the elements of PMH. In the case study, PT JBA Indonesia was considered negligent because it only relied on visual inspection without technical function tests, thus failing to reveal hidden defects in the vehicle's transmission

Objective: The objective of this thesis is to explore the art investment strategies of family offices, focusing on their interactions with the art industry including artists, museums, galleries, and auction houses. The aim is to understand how these offices develop investment decisions that go beyond current market trends by integrating economic intelligence with cultural insights. This research provides practical guidance for family offices in art investment, fostering smarter, future-oriented market decisions while contributing to the art market's growth and cultural diversity preservation. Theoretical Framework:The theoretical framework of the thesis examines the evolution of family offices and their role in art investment, analyzing the dynamics and trends of the art market, the complexities of art investment including risks and rewards, and the importance of understanding art's value beyond economic terms. This framework sets the stage to explore how family offices balance financial goals with cultural and artistic appreciation in their investment strategies. Method：The methodology of the study employs a qualitative case study approach, focusing on the Cohen Family Office to explore decision-making processes and art value perceptions in family offices. Data is gathered from public sources, industry reports, and relevant literature, particularly regarding the Cohen Family Office's art investments. This analysis aims to understand how art investment decisions are influenced by art value perceptions and market dynamics within this specific family office. Results and Discussion: The study's results reveal that the Cohen Family Office demonstrates a profound understanding of art value, which influences their successful investment strategies, including strategic acquisitions and support of emerging artists. Their active engagement in the art industry enhances their investment decisions and art value perception. The office's approach balances artistic appreciation with financial planning, leading to significant cultural and economic impacts. The research highlights differences between personal family collections and strategically driven family office collections, emphasizing the latter's focus on long-term financial and cultural goals. Research Implications:The research offers valuable insights for family offices in art investment,emphasizing the importance of deep art value perception and strategic market engagement. It highlights how family offices can surpass market trends through informed decision-making, balancing economic and cultural values. The study contributes to a broader understanding of art market dynamics and family office roles, enhancing strategies for wealth management and cultural legacy preservation. Originality/Value:The originality and value of this thesis lie in its unique focus on family offices in art investment, providing a detailed case study approach and highlighting the importance of art value perception. This research offers fresh insights into combining cultural enrichment with financial acumen in art investment strategies, contributing significantly to the understanding of family offices’ roles in art market dynamics and the interplay between cultural legacy and wealth management.

One of the ways in which blockchain technology is transforming the visual arts ecosystem is by providing decentralized, transparent, and verifiable systems of ownership, distribution, and value exchange of digital art. This paper analyzes how blockchain has been disruptive to visual arts in modern times, specifically in non-fungible tokens (NFTs), creative economies, and artist-collector relationships. Historically, the digital artworks were associated with the issues with provenance, copyright protection, scarcity, and justifiable monetization. Blockchain overcomes these weaknesses by providing immutable registries, smart contracts, and tokenization to allow artists to have verifiable ownership, determine authenticity, and earn automatic royalties on transactions in the secondary market. The study takes a conceptual and analytical structure by synthesising the extant literature, platform case studies and new blockchain-based art markets to assess the worth of NFTs in redefining artistic value, authorship and market forces. The results suggest that blockchain makes global art markets more democratic by decreasing the use of intermediaries including galleries and auction houses, which are central, and thus giving power to independent and new artists. Simultaneously, it cultivates new creative economies in which digital scramble, community contribution and speculative finance overlap. Nevertheless, the paper also singles out some fundamental challenges such as environmental sustainability issues, market unpredictability, regulatory ambiguity and the issues of artistic legitimacy and cultural value. The article presents the argument that although blockchain does not substitute the traditional art institutions, it supports them by providing hybrid ecosystems through integrations of physical and digital practices. All in all, the study suggests blockchain as a revolutionary infrastructure to the visual arts, reinventing ownership, trust, and economic frameworks and proposing a sustainable, ethical, and inclusive future to enable the long-term development of digital art ecosystems.

PurposeThe valuation of artworks is challenging since their value encompasses economic, social and cultural values. This study examines two specific questions about the economics of Indian art market: first, the determinants of the price of paintings by Indian artists and second, the risk and return characteristics of investment in Indian paintings. The authors also analyze the role of local context for both questions.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses 8,865 paintings that are auctioned between January, 2000 and June, 2018. A generalized additive model (GAM) is employed to identify the determinants of auction prices and estimate art market price index.FindingsThe results indicate that the price of paintings in the Indian market is impacted by both global and local factors. Consistent with the previous research, this study finds that provenance, literature, living status of an artist, artist reputation, auction house, location and gender determine prices. However, the unique behavior of artwork medium and art movement affiliation in the Indian art market signifies the importance of local context in the valuation of artworks. An analysis of the second aspect of the study, i.e. risk and return characteristics of art investment, suggests that though overall art market returns are not lucrative, there are sub-sections in the market that outperform stocks and other assets. Further, the Indian art market shows a weak or negative correlation with other assets, thus making it a good candidate for a diversified portfolio. One of the important findings of this study is that artworks created by artists associated with the Bombay Progressive Artists' Group (PAG) command a significant price premium over all other artworks. Moreover, the average return on investment in paintings by artists affiliated to the Bombay PAG is not only significantly better than other art movements but also higher than all other art assets.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the growing literature on the economics of art market by providing a comprehensive analysis of the economics of Indian paintings. This research highlights the importance of local factors in price determination and on the risk and return characteristics of art investment. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the most comprehensive study of the economics of Indian painting market and the first study to identify the relationship between Indian art movements and prices of paintings and returns on investment in paintings.

Students currently enrolled in teacher education courses will have a substantial impact on education in the future. It is therefore important to investigate their motivations for entering into teacher education, their perceptions about the teaching profession, and their career aspirations. There are two main problems in Indonesian teacher education: the distribution of teachers across the nation is unequal and the quality of Indonesian teachers needs to be improved (Jalal et al., 2009; World Bank, 2010; Chang et al., 2014). The context of teacher education in Indonesia is different to teacher education in other countries. Teacher education graduates may have opportunities in both teaching and non-teaching occupations; also, cultural values, particularly religion, influence students’ decisions about whether to enter teacher education. Teaching is highly respected as a noble profession; ‘teacher’ is translated in Bahasa Indonesia as guru, a person with knowledge or expertise who is expected to set a good example to society. This study refers to the Factors Influencing Teaching Choice (FIT-Choice; Watt & Richardson, 2007) framework, which was based on the expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation (Eccles [Parsons] et al., 1983; Eccles, 2009; Wigfield & Eccles, 2000) and proposes that people’s choices, persistence and performance can be explained by their beliefs about how well they will perform an activity, and the extent to which they value it. Expectancy is defined as people’s beliefs and judgements about their capabilities to perform a task successfully. The theory states that higher expectancies for success are positively connected to a range of behaviours including achievement, choice and persistence (Eccles [Parsons] et al., 1983). Value refers to people’s beliefs about different reasons they regard a task as interesting, important or useful, for example. This study aims to validate the structure of the Factors Influencing Teaching Choice scale (FIT-Choice; Watt & Richardson, 2007), the Professional Engagement and Career Development Aspirations scale (PECDA; Watt & Richardson, 2008), and the Religious Commitment Inventory-10 (RCI-10; Worthington et al. 2003) in the Indonesian context. It also aims to compare the reasons for individuals choosing to enter into teacher education; to explore whether these individuals plan to become a teacher or not upon completion of their studies; and, to identify the main motivations and perception factors that influence their professional engagement and career development aspirations. Participants were 802 fourth-year undergraduate teacher education students at two public and two private universities in Jakarta and Yogyakarta, Indonesia (M age = 21 years, SD = 2.31, 83.16% women). Following translation, back-translation and piloting, participants completed a questionnaire adapted from the FIT-Choice scale with the following factors added to reflect potentially relevant aspects of the Indonesian setting: religious influences, second job (time for casual work), tuition fee for teacher education (cheaper), admission into teacher education (less competitive), time for teacher education studies (shorter) and media dissuasion. Questions were also adopted from PECDA scale and the RCI-10. Data analyses included Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) using AMOS 20; reliability analyses, one-way multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs), and correlations using SPSS 20; and two structural equation models estimated using AMOS 20. The translated instruments proved valid and reliable. From the FIT-Choice scale, social utility values (make social contribution, work with children/adolescents, and enhance social equity) were found to be the main motivations for entering into teacher education, followed by prior teaching and learning experiences and intrinsic value. Five personal utility values (religious influences, job security/career progression prospects, second job, time for family/bludging, job transferability) were also highly rated motivational factors. Most participants perceived teaching as a very demanding and difficult occupation requiring a high level of expertise. Teaching was also perceived to have high social status with a moderate salary. Media dissuasion was rated moderately high, in line with the negative portrayal of the teaching profession in the mass media. The majority of participants (81.92%) planned to become teachers after study completion, 11.72% planned to teach temporarily then switch career, 4.86% intended to pursue non-teaching occupations and 1.50% did not respond. Structural equation models to identify unique predictors for PECDA factors (planned effort, planned persistence, professional development aspirations, and leadership aspirations), revealed that participants’ interests and enjoyment in teaching, their desire to help disadvantaged youth, their religious beliefs, their perceptions about the expertise of the profession and satisfaction with teaching as a career choice positively impacted the effort future teachers planned to put into their teaching. The length of time they planned to stay in teaching was predicted by intrinsic career value, planned effort and satisfaction with choice. Professional development aspirations were predicted by intrinsic value and enhance social equity, religious beliefs, expertise and satisfaction with choice, and professional development aspirations subsequently predicted leadership aspirations. Awards: Winner of the Mollie Holman Doctoral Medal for Excellence, Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, 2014.

No tongue, all eyes! Be silent. ( The Tempest , 4.1.59) In 2007, a curious billboard appeared in London advertising the move from Waterloo to St Pancras stations for the London hub of the Eurorail train to Paris. Above the logo ‘London is changing’ was featured the image of a skeleton kneeling on a stage, holding in his bony hand the fully fleshed head of a man who looked back at the skeleton's skull with astonishment. In 2004 and 2005, a poster campaign in Swiss cities advertised the Espace 2 channel of Radio Suisse Romande with the image of two teens kissing in a subway train filled with inattentive passengers, accompanied by the simple, one-word caption, ‘Shakespeare.’ These advertisements provoke a deceptively simple question: is this Shakespeare? In what sense Shakespeare? To ask the question ‘is this Shakespeare?’ is to ponder the nature of the boundaries that extend around the designation ‘Shakespearian’, laden though that designation is with cultural power and value. Like lines on a map, those boundaries may have the illusion of permanence at a given moment, but in reality they are always in flux, constantly being renegotiated in response to a variety of cultural forces. Here I will be discussing a particular kind of limit case that poses a challenge to one of the founding principles of Shakespeare studies. My claim, in a nutshell, is that both popular culture and avant-garde performance have transgressed and redrawn the boundary of what can constitute ‘Shakespeare’ with ever-greater insistence in the last twenty years, and that they have done so in response to a newly powerful cultural dominant in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. Though I will eventually turn to two noteworthy recent performances of Shakespeare, I begin with examples from advertising because advertising stands at the intersection of popular culture and avant-garde aesthetics, amplifying (and thus making visible) ideological and representational strategies it borrows from elsewhere. Though the aims of the ads and the performances are quite different, what they reveal are the traces of processes at work in popular and performance culture more generally. I hope to suggest how, under the pressure of mass mediatization, contemporary Shakespeare may be undergoing something of a paradigm shift that raises foundational questions about how we, as Shakespearian professionals, conceptualize the ‘essential’ or ‘authentic’ Shakespeare and situate his cultural value.

The germplasm conservation gardens at university has a potentiality to facilitate experiential learning, environmental stewardship, and the conservation of biodiversity, and thus aid in the achievement of several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in the areas of Quality Education (SDG 4), Climate Action (SDG 13), and Life on Land (SDG 15). This study utilized a qualitative method to value the educational, conservation, and sociocultural aspects of the Guava Germplasm Conservation Garden at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura in Sri Lanka. Stakeholders, who comprised 90 of the undergraduates and post-graduate students and academic and landscaping management staff, were interviewed through a variety of data collection techniques, which included semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. This data collection was carried out until thematic saturation was achieved, and thematic analyses were conducted and then coded through the NVivo software, which also facilitated the coding triangulation. Five primary themes emerged: (1) conservation of plant genetic diversity, (2) experiential and place-based learning, (3) guava's cultural and nutritional value, (4) stewardship and environmental responsibility, and (5) the garden's future challenges and opportunities. These findings point to the garden being a ‘living laboratory’ which augments learning, and promotes awareness of conservation and socio-cultural engagement. The study, however, also details the inadequate infrastructure and bureaucratic constraints that hinder the optimal use of the garden. Other suggestions are the incorporation of the garden into more curricula, enhancing interpretive infrastructure, and broadening community engagement for maximizing impacts related to the SDGs. This study illustrates the diverse possibilities of university germplasm gardens functioning as integrated sustainability hubs.

Introduction: The STOPandGO Project [1] developed an approach [2] to the procurement activities in a local initiative of integrated care in the framework of a multi-annual process of innovation of the managerial, administrative, clinical, and social aspects [3], accompanied by a meaningful use of technology. The paper applies the approach to analyse the journey of Badalona Serveis Assistencials (BSA), a Reference Site for EIPonAHA [4], with a unique long-term experience of effective integration [5, 6]. Methods: The paper systematically describes how the sequence of local initiatives in BSA were complementary or overlapping according to the earmarked combination of two perspectives [1, 2]: to address a defined set of citizens’ needs and the related health journey, e.g. on health conditions; or to establish networks for vulnerable persons; to reduce the fragmentation of the care and cure services across the settings. Results: The analysis shows that: in the initial status (2000) a few isolated initiatives were in place; the sequence of local initiatives achieved a crucial level of integration after a period of disruptive Health Innovation [7], which changed roles and attitudes of citizens and professionals and gained their satisfaction and commitment; the key enablers for integrated care [8] have been: 1) policy commitment towards a patient-centric model enabling the continuum of care at a local level (municipality), 2) Health and social care professionals have a leading role, 3) Interoperable information systems has fostered the full deployment, 4) The absence of major conflicts between the distribution of resources and the alignment of incentives among primary, secondary and tertiary care and social care has facilitated the overall process; the present fully integrated system evolves through a continuing improvement process, with a lower emphasis on specific initiatives. Discussions: In BSA health and social care centres are under the same governance and organisational structure, sharing the same cultural values and legal framework [3, 4]; the local push was reinforced and aligned with the Catalan integrated care policy. The paper demonstrates how this locality managed the sequence of initiatives according to its priorities, speed and emphasis to fit with its local context and favourable circumstances [8]. Conclusions: The long-term ambition of every locality should be to integrate all the relevant services for all the citizens, through a suitable series of initiatives. Priority and shape of each initiative depend on: regional and national milieu, e.g. regulations, health and social plans, coordination of Local Initiatives, common infrastructures, funding; local circumstances, e.g. epidemiology of health problems; readiness of healthcare facilities and technological infrastructures; culture and engagement of professionals; expected return and possibility to reallocate a reduction in resource usage. Lessons learned: Hundreds of good practices [e.g. 4, 9] give evidence of feasibility, relevance and benefits of diverse approaches on a wide spectrum of Integrated Care models. Each Local Initiative should refer to an explicit policy, to deploy an innovative model in a particular scenario. Experience tells that isolated initiatives have a high risk of failure; in addition, an unplanned juxtaposition of several initiatives may provoke serious and costly troubles to achieve the suitable organisational and technological interoperability. Limitations: Each local roadmap depends on local circumstances, however the basic principles and the various components of the innovative models could be shared across localities. Suggestions for future research: The study of the components of a model and their optimal combination may bring to a methodology to support the planning of local roadmaps and their scaling up at regional level according to an agreed regional Action Plan.

This study explored the interplay of three Filipino cultural values-hiya (modesty/self-restraint), pakikisama (conflict-avoidance dimension of social harmony), and pakikipag-ugnayan (professional engagement, characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption)-among Generation Z nurses in Quezon City. Specifically, it assessed their levels, examined interrelationships through correlation and path analysis, and developed a framework to illustrate their influence on nursing practice. In the Filipino context, hiya encompasses both positive dimensions, such as conscientiousness, moral accountability, and social responsibility, and constraining dimensions, including excessive self-restraint, fear of criticism, and inhibition. Pakikisama, while fostering harmony, may discourage assertiveness and limit open communication. Pakikipag-ugnayan, conceptualized here as engagement, reflects dedication, vigor, and absorption, which are vital for performance, patient safety, and workforce retention. A descriptive-correlational design was utilized to assess the relationships among hiya, pakikisama, and pakikipag-ugnayan. Data were gathered through a structured, self-administered questionnaire comprising validated scales for each construct, distributed in online formats to accommodate participants' availability and work schedules. The purposive sample consisted of 115 Filipino Generation Z nurses engaged in direct patient care in various healthcare facilities in Quezon City. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics to summarize variable scores, Spearman's rho to examine bivariate correlations, and path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effects among the variables. The results of the path analysis were used to develop a proposed framework illustrating the interplay of these cultural values in nursing practice. Path analysis revealed distinct patterns in the interplay of hiya, pakikisama, and pakikipag-ugnayan among Generation Z nurses in Quezon City. Very high hiya scores (mean = 5.32) reflected both moral accountability and restraint-oriented tendencies. Despite these positive indicators, hiya showed a negative correlation with pakikipag-ugnayan, suggesting that its inhibiting side-marked by fear of criticism and avoidance of mistakes-may overshadow its constructive moral aspects. In contrast, the path analysis identified a moderate positive direct effect between hiya and pakikipag-ugnayan (β = 0.400, p <0.001), indicating that when hiya functions as conscientiousness and ethical responsibility, it can support pakikipag-ugnayan. Pakikisama, which emerged at a relatively low level (mean = 2.74), showed a moderate to approaching large negative direct effect with pakikipag-ugnayan (β = -0.472, p <0.001), consistent with its conflict-avoidant nature that limits open communication. The small to approaching moderate negative direct effect between hiya and pakikisama (β = -0.237, p = 0.011) further suggests that nurses guided by conscience and accountability may be less inclined to conform solely for harmony. Among Generation Z nurses, hiya demonstrates a dual role: while its ethical and conscientious aspects can strengthen pakikipag-ugnayan, its inhibiting side may suppress pakikipag-ugnayan. Pakikisama, operationalized as conflict avoidance and withholding dissent, emerged as a barrier to pakikipag-ugnayan by discouraging open communication. These findings informed the development of the Hiya-Pakikisama-Pakikipag-ugnayan Cultural Dynamics Framework, which illustrates how cultural values can simultaneously enable and constrain professional engagement. The framework has potential applications in nursing education and organizational practice, particularly in designing reflective learning, mentorship, and communication strategies that balance cultural sensitivity with assertiveness. Further validation across generations and healthcare settings is recommended to refine its applicability.