Abstract
This study aimed to analyse historical food availability in Sudan during 1961-2013. This was achieved by assessing the food supply (kg/capita/yr.), dietary energy supply (DES) (kcal/capita/day), composition of diets and food self-sufficiency. The study depended on the available secondary data from FAO balance sheets. Percent share, annual cumulative growth rate and trends were used as analytical tools. The total food supply had a positive growth rate of 4.9%. The DES increased from 1743 to 2186 kcal/capita/day, implying that Sudan is food insecure. Cereals constitute approximately half of the total DES. The percentage share of vegetal sources was paramount in the DES (80%), protein supply (60%) and fat supply (45-68%) relative to that of animal sources. The per capita consumption of protein and fat (g/capita/day) were considered within the adequate supply, and below the average of the world and Arab countries. Carbohydrates ranked as the highest source contributing to the DES, followed by fats and proteins. These macro-nutrient contributions to the total DES fell within the recommendation ranges of the WHO for the balanced diets. The growth rate of imports outnumbered that of the domestic food supply and production, reflected in declining trend of the overall food self-sufficiency ratio by 1.5% per decade. The study recommended efficient use of Sudan abundant resources to increase food availability.
Highlights
FAO stated that ‘Food security' exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious foods to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life [5].This definition reveals the four dimensions of food security, including the physical availability of food, economic and physical access, utilization, and stability of the previous three dimensions over time
The information supplied in Food balance sheets (FBSs) considered for this study included the production (1000 tons), domestic supply quantity (1000 tons), food supply quantity, food supply, protein supply quantity (g/capita/day), and fat supply quantity (g/capita/day)
This study focuses on assessing historical food availability as one of the pillars of food security in Sudan during the baseline household survey conducted in Sudan high,>25%.the global and Arab in 2009, which was 2180 kcal/ capita/ day[11]
Summary
FAO stated that ‘Food security' exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious foods to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life [5].This definition reveals the four dimensions of food security, including the physical availability of food, economic and physical access, utilization, and stability of the previous three dimensions over time. Development Goal is to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. This requires improving the productivity of small-scale farmers and increasing investments through international collaboration to increase the productive capacity of agriculture in developing countries [23]. The agricultural sector acts as an engine of growth for the Sudanese economy. It supplies food for the people, employment opportunities and provides the industrial sector with raw materials. Consumption is considered an important welfare indicator. It is a crucial factor in the development of production and price policies. The studies of changes in consumption patterns and factors affecting consumption play a great role in improving the economic welfare of society
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