Abstract
BackgroundFollistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) plays a central role in the progression of tumor and tumor immunity. However, the effect of FSTL1 on the prognosis and immune infiltration of gastric cancer (GC) remains to be elucidated.MethodsThe expression of FSTL1 data was analyzed in Oncomine and TIMER databases. Analyses of clinical parameters and survival data were conducted by Kaplan-Meier plotter and immunohistochemistry. Western blot assay and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to analyze protein and mRNA expression, respectively. The correlations between FSTL1 and cancer immune infiltrates were analyzed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIME), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and LinkedOmics database.ResultsThe expression of FSTL1 was significantly higher in GC tissues than in normal tissues, and bioinformatic analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) indicated that high FSTL1 expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis in GC. Moreover, FSTL1 was predicted as an independent prognostic factor in GC patients. Bioinformatics analysis results suggested that FSTL1 mainly involved in tumor progression and tumor immunity. And significant correlations were found between FSTL1 expression and immune cell infiltration in GC.ConclusionsThe study effectively revealed useful information about FSTL1 expression, prognostic values, potential functional networks, and impact of tumor immune infiltration in GC. In summary, FSTL1 can be used as a biomarker for prognosis and evaluating immune cell infiltration in GC.
Highlights
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) plays a central role in the progression of tumor and tumor immunity
We investigated the expression of FSTL1 in gastric cancer (GC) using bioinformatics analysis, as well as clinical samples, and analyzed the association of FSTL1 expression with different Tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in tumor microenvironment (TME) using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database and CIBERSORT method
FSTL1 expression and potential prognosis in GC TIMER and Oncomine databases were used to assess the differential expression of FSTL1 based on cancer type
Summary
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) plays a central role in the progression of tumor and tumor immunity. The effect of FSTL1 on the prognosis and immune infiltration of gastric cancer (GC) remains to be elucidated. FSTL1 acts as an autoantigen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting IL6 and producing IL17 to play cardioprotective roles in several cardiovascular diseases [10, 11]. FSTL1 has been shown to produce varying effects in terms of tumors progression and inhibition. FSTL1 affects the progression of multiple tumors by modulating the host immune system, leading to immune dysfunction in many cases. FSTL1 plays a crucial role in tumor-immune and cancer cell progression. The potential functions and mechanisms of FSTL1 in cancer progression and immunology need to be discovered
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