Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Masquerading as Subacute Thyroiditis Diagnosis using Ultrasonography and Radionuclide Thyroid Angiography

Abstract

The rare presentation of a follicular thyroid carcinoma mimicking the clinical and radionuclide features of subacute thyroiditis is described. Granulomatous thyroiditis was initially suspected on the clinical basis of acute onset of a hard, tender right lobe thyroid enlargement with associated systemic symptoms, modest elevation of thyroid hormone levels and suppressed thyroid RAIU. Fine needle aspiration cytology specimens were unsatisfactory for characterization. Three weeks later the thyroid RAIU was normal. The thyroid enlargement persisted, now being clearly visualized as a hypofunctional nodule on scintiscan. Repeat fine needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of acinar proliferation with hyperfunction. Ultrasonography revealed a solid nodule with a peripheral sonolucent halo. Radionuclide angiography showed intense arterial flow of Tc-99m pertechnetate through the right lobe thyroid enlargement suggestive of malignant thyroid pathology. Surgical excision and histopathological examination revealed a follicular carcinoma involving the right lobe. The possibility of carcinomatous involvement should be considered in those patients where initially tender thyroid nodularity persists longer than expected for a benign inflammatory disease, careful follow-up and relevant investigations being necessary to confirm the diagnosis.