Focusing on Basic Needs as a Mechanism to Address Threats to Adolescents’ Personal Security

Social service in the system of social protection of the population: theoretical, methodological and financial aspects

The article considers the theoretical and practical aspects of the social order tool’s implementation and realization in the social service system at the regional level. It has been proven that the basic conditions that will contribute to a positive social effect from the a social order introduction into the social service system are: the social order institutionalization, effective and coordinated information and com- munication interaction between the social order subjects, ensuring realization of the competitive system openness and availability principles in social order, the civil society’s local institutions’ development. Based on this, the main criteria of social order’s social efficiency as a tool to improve the social services efficiency at the regional level are highlighted: 1) the social services accessibility criterion (the territoriality principle); 2) the social services quality criterion; 3) the transaction and minimize costs’ criterion; 4) social justice criteria; 5) social responsibility criterion. The main social order advantages in the social services field are: improving targeting, social services accessibility and recipients’ coverage by them; social services’ entities providing competitive selection, competition in the market is a powerful incentive to constantly improve the quality and services efficiency; budgetary social expenditures optimization, savings and involvement additional resources in the social sphere; ensuring in development procedures openness and targeted social programs’ transparency imple- mentation; countering corruption and protectionism; increasing the initiative level, activity and control by the public in the social sphere; increasing social security of the population, promoting social harmony; civil soci- ety development through its participation in the social ordering process and taking on social responsibility. So, the following mechanisms can be distinguished in the social order as a tool to improve the social services efficiency: 1) engaging to management of social service institutions and directly to rendering social services at the level of territorial community by public organizations; 2) creating conditions for the competitive environment during the social competition; 3) optimization of the budgetary funds’ use in the social services system. The study’s results prove that a social order introduction into the social services system at the regional level is based on the following provisions: first, a high awareness’ level by social order entities of the need for interaction between the state, business and civil society in the process of modernizing the existing social services system; secondly, the social order in the social services system should be used by introducing social monitoring of the social services’ quality and identifying the local communities’ actual needs; thirdly, the main conditions that will contribute to a positive social effect from a social order introduction into the social service system are: the social order institutionalization, effective and coordinated information and communication between the social order’s subjects interaction, ensuring the implementation of the openness principles and the competitive social order system availability, a local civil society institutions’ development.

The service system at the crossroad of demography and policy making— Implications for the elderly

For reasons embedded in historical, social, cultural and biological phenomena, the sociocultural experiences of gay men living with chronic illnesses other than HIV have remained unexamined within gay communities, within gay affirmative medical and social services, and within broader, heterosexually focused medical and social service systems. As a result, the specific needs of these men are largely undefined and potentially unmet. This article focuses a lens of inquiry on the psychosocial issues and social service needs of gay men living with chronic illnesses other than HIV, offers recommendations for providing services that respond proactively to the specific needs of these men, and advocates for more inclusive and comprehensive social service and health care systems.

Historically, technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and higher education (HE) emerged from opposing traditions, with the universities providing academic knowledge and TVET providing skills for employability. Mass and elite HE and vocational institutions have developed complex relationships in many countries. Even European Union capitalist countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom have different approaches to HE and TVET. With the trend of the massification of HE, universities are increasingly moving away from the tradition of mainly producing and transmitting academic knowledge and are putting emphasis on skills development for employability. This has resulted in a move towards the vocationalization of HE and the bridging of academic and vocational learning. In this article, Luhmann's theory of society is used to consider the relationships between TVET and HE. These can be analysed in terms of a self-organizing (autopoietic) system that was developed by Luhmann in 1984. In accordance with this theory, satisfaction of industry's needs through the development of personal skills by means of university training would be harmonized through the function of stabilization in the time dimension. The dynamics of this are developed through communication. Luhmann (1984, Soziale Systeme. Grundriß einer allgemeinen Theorie. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp (Translated version printed in 1995)) specified that the relations between the social communication system and what he called ‘individual consciousness systems’ (i.e. actors) are ‘structurally coupled’: the social communication system cannot operate without individuals who communicate, but only the message (i.e. the action) and not the actor is communicated. The action will thus have different meanings for the sending actor, for the receiving actor and for the social communication system, since they are different systems of reference. The social system has its own dynamics and gradually universities could be harmonized with the market economy. This article refers to the current discourses on vocation and HE relationships that can be viewed on four levels – political, economic, epistemological and human development.

An innovative program developed to work with families in which substance use during pregnancy leads to Child Protective Services involvement is introduced in this article. The Vulnerable Infants Program of Rhode Island (VIP-RI) was established to facilitate permanency planning for substance-exposed infants by focusing on the interface of social service systems with one another and with the families affected by perinatal substance use. Permanent placement within the time frame mandated by federal legislation places increased pressures on parents and the social service systems designed to provide them with assistance. The Vulnerable Infants Program of Rhode Island promotes collaboration, coordination, and communication among social service systems engaged with families of substance-exposed infants. The Vulnerable Infants Program of Rhode Island works to increase the efficacy of social service systems in order to optimize the resources that are available to a family in their attempts at reunification with their infant. Case examples illustrate the complexities of the families of substance-exposed infants, the breadth of social service systems that become involved with these families, and the vastly different placement outcomes that substance-exposed infants may experience.

This article is devoted to state regulation of the system of social protection of the population. During the transition of the economy to market conditions, the problem of assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of the social sphere at the level of public administration of the national economy is especially relevant. It should be noted that the foreign experience of the developed countries of the world convincingly indicates that it is precisely a clear strategy for managing the social sphere and social processes that ensures the solution of economic and social problems of the development of society, high living standards and equal access of citizens to public goods and services. There is a construction of such a socio-economic model that would be capable of innovative self-development and ensuring high-quality growth. The search continues for effective levers for regulating social inequality, citizens' access to such public goods as education, health care, culture, and personal security. Practice has proven that the system of social protection should include such elements as: legal, economic and social security; financial, information-intellectual and natural resources; budgetary and extrabudgetary mechanisms; national, public and international institutions. In this regard, the main role should belong to the supervision of social security. To address the issues of social protection of the population, it is necessary to use socio-economic indicators of the standard of living (low income, subsistence level, minimum consumption budget, minimum wage and human development index). Despite positive reforms in the field of social protection in Ukraine, the need for fundamental changes in the system of social services remains unsatisfactory. This is due to the inconsistency of social services with the new demands and needs of society. State regulation of the system of social protection of the population requires further reform and improvement. However, a lot of work has been done in this direction, namely, the legal foundations for the activity of the system of social services have been created, but the analysis of regulatory legal acts on this issue proves that these legal acts are not effective enough in action today.

This research evaluated personal economic security as the most important component of national security. The purpose of evaluation personal economic security is to obtain characteristics of the quality and standards of living, as well as to identify trends in changes in the personal economic security in throughout Russia. The purpose of the study was to assess the level of personal economic security in Russia and Irkutsk region. The authors used such methods as the structural-­functional method, analysis, synthesis, and statistics: generalization, absolute and relative values, and dynamic series. The authors proposed and used a system of criteria for assessing economic security of an individual according to the most important indicators of the socio-economic development of the country and region. The analysis of indicators using method of E.I. Kuznetsova allowed us to determine the inconsistency of most of the indicators with their recommended values during the period under review, in particular, the level of social inequality, poverty, financial support for retirees, unemployment level, population growth, enrollment in vocational education. Considering identified negative trends, we found unsatisfactory level of personal economic security both in Russia and in the Irkutsk region. For the diagnostics of the level of personal economic security, we should prioritize the creation of benchmarks for the indicators used.

The construction of social psychological service system is an important measure to innovate social governance in China, which aims to solve the problems of social mentality cultivation and psychological construction. However, whether the “meaning of oughtness” of this concept can be implemented in the construction practice all over the country remains to be discussed. This study collected the network text data of the actual work situation in 12 pilot areas of social psychological service system construction in China, and coded the data according to 6 primary indicators such as organizational structure and work mode and 23 secondary indicators under them to describe the “actual situation” of construction in various places. The text analysis results show that: (1) the content orientation of the construction of social psychological service system in each pilot area has a serious tendency of “mental health”; (2) on the whole, psychosocial services only focus on “risk prevention and control”; (3) the relationship between social psychological service and social governance is misplaced. In short, there is a big gap between the “actual situation” and “meaning of oughtness” of the construction of social psychological service system all over the country.

.

The federal government first began to support vocational education with the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917. Its passage was controversial since there was considerable opposition to a federal role in education, which was a state responsibility. Since that time, the federal government has had constant involvement with vocational education through Smith-Hughes and its successor acts, including the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act, which is currently in effect. As recent legislation has primarily focused on supporting academic achievement, it is as yet unclear what the federal government’s approach toward vocational education will be. Federal legislation must be reauthorized every five years, with an associated national study, the series of National Assessments of Vocational Education (NAVE). This pattern of constant re-examination has made federal support for vocational education somewhat unstable, and has resulted in multiple redefinitions of the purpose and nature of vocational education. Such reviews can have positive effects, because they enable adjustments to keep up with changing conditions and priorities. For example, the future orientation of federal involvement in vocational education will need to take account of the emergence of what we call the “education consensus.” This consensus recognizes that there is a need for a better-prepared labor force with a large complement of competencies for a knowledge-based society; that education is a continuous, lifelong process; and that economic rewards increasingly accrue to those who earn degrees or other forms of credentials demonstrating educational achievement. The result of the consensus has been an “institutional transformation” of vocational education, with significant changes in how high schools provide it, and a new dominant role for community colleges and other postsecondary institutions. While the states will likely continue to direct the course of their vocational education policies and programs, federal resources can be used to fund what states cannot do on their own. This Brief first discusses what the current vocational education needs are, and then outlines why the states are unable to meet them completely and why assistance by the federal government is justified. It concludes with recommendations about what federal policy might do, especially given limited funding and the desire not to intrude on the prerogatives of the states.

In this article, the authors consider the essence of human and civil security, determine the factors that threaten it, and the consequences that violations of human rights, including the right to personal security, lead to. By personal security, the authors understand the state of absence of danger when interacting with objects of the external environment and the process of ensuring legal guarantees for the implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms. Security cannot exist without danger; it finds its existence with the emergence of threats. Personal security is threatened by wars, socio-economic instability, poverty, corruption, crime, domestic interethnic and religious conflicts, injustice, etc. The consequence is a violation of human rights, primarily the right to life and restrictions on its freedoms. The, the subject of this study is relevant. The purpose of this study was to find threats to personal security and analyse the possibilities of their elimination by political and legal means. The methodological basis of this paper was the dialectical approach, as well as several other methods: formal logical, systematic, formal legal, structural-functional. Results: personal security, as a special type of human and civil security, despite its close relationship with the security of society and the state, is an independent socio-legal phenomenon that requires special attention. Personal security is ensured, foremost, by the norms of constitutional, criminal, and administrative law. Restriction of the rights and freedoms of offenders, however, may be accompanied by restriction of the rights and freedoms of law-abiding citizens. The originality of this study lies in the investigation of political and legal guarantees of personal security and the identification of opportunities for its provision in the modern world, considering the principles of the rule of law, civil society, and justice. Security as a complex social phenomenon is an element of other complex social systems, which include a human, society, the state, as well as the economic, political, and spiritual spheres of public life. Security is an essential factor in the functioning and very existence of all social systems. The main subject that organizes the life of society is the state. The international community also plays an essential role in this process

Abstract: This study is regarding the need of better security at our domestic places as the old-fashioned security systems can be breached easily. House security as well as personal security at domestic places these days has become a basic necessity. The Internal Locking System works in such a way that we can lock any door without actually being inside the room (locking it from the outside), leaving less possibilities from a direct breakage. This system can also be used to make a stronghold in our houses which can protect us from any threat outside. Simply by understanding how the door works we can create a strong blocking system. All doors have hinges which are fixed to one side and help the door open in sideways. The purpose of this system is to stop/block that momentum (Just as how a foot stopper works). We place the blocker underneath the door in such a way that the blocker raises up and blocks the door. Since it blocks the door from the bottom and middle, it makes it harder to break-in thorough brute force. Further adding a biometric system can strengthen the overall security. We can use fingerprints which are widely used for biometric systems as they are unique and we can further up it by introducing a pad lock, which needs a unique set of sequence that only the user knows. The whole idea of this system is study is making a user-friendly security system with easy installation and maintenance.

Social service is an integral part of social protection of the sick, the handicapped, the senior, etc. It relates to many categories of citizens who need governmental help. Providing this support acts as a guarantee for observance of social, human, freedom and civil rights. The social service system is organized in such a way that enables to provide help for everyone who needs it. Only in this case it meets the interests of the society.In Kursk and Belgorod regions the local social service systems are presented by various types of institutions. In the Kursk region these institutions are: general and psychoneurological care homes, social rehabilitation centres for minors, social assistance centres for families and children, medical social rehabilitation centers, social shelters for children and adolescents, social professional centre. In the Belgorod region these are: general and psychoneurological care homes, social rehabilitation centres for minors, women’s refuges, child development and socialization centres, rehabilitation centre for children and adolescents with limited health capacities, geriatric center, child guidance and family counselling centre, a special care-home for the senior and the handicapped. The comparative analysis of social service systems in Kursk and Belgorod regions revealed that in both regions their social service systems are fully formed and provide services in institutional, non-institutional and partially inpatient forms. The network of social service institutions in Kursk and Belgorod regions is widely presented by various types of institutions, but in the Belgorod region it is wider and has a bigger variety of the institutions. It is likely to be explained by the attention that local authorities pay to this problem and the funding level for it from the regional budget.

Social isolation is one of the negative consequences associated with caregiving and is experienced by approximately 20% of Canadian family caregivers. Being in a public health and social services system, Canadian caregivers should normally turn to their local community service centres (CLSC) to access formal services and feel less isolated. However, studies have shown that satisfaction is low regarding accessibility and continuity of formal support services. In an effort to develop interventions that meet the needs of isolated senior caregivers, the purpose of this exploratory descriptive qualitative study was to identify challenges encountered in accessing and utilizing formal supports within the public health and social services system in Canada. Nineteen isolated senior caregivers participated in seven focus groups. Data analysis was performed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014) approach. Results showed that isolated caregivers do not know where to get information about existing services within the formal system. Once services are found, waiting lists are linked to unbearable delays. Some caregivers are actually redirected to private services, if they can afford it. Isolated caregivers also criticize the unpredictability of the system as they face relentless changes of care providers, inadequate services and sometimes unwarranted cancellations or terminations. In addition, they find formal services lacking human sensitivity. Many of them come to the conclusion that formal services are not worthwhile and exclude themselves from the formal system. This research demonstrated that the health and social services system can actually contribute to the social isolation of senior caregivers longing for support.