Abstract
Light scattering inside disordered media poses a significant challenge to achieve deep depth and high resolution simultaneously in biomedical optical imaging. Wavefront shaping emerged recently as one of the most potential methods to tackle this problem. So far, numerous algorithms have been reported, while each has its own pros and cons. In this article, we exploit a new thought that one algorithm can be reinforced by another complementary algorithm since they effectively compensate each other’s weaknesses, resulting in a more efficient hybrid algorithm. Herein, we introduce a systematical approach named GeneNN (Genetic Neural Network) as a proof of concept. Preliminary light focusing has been achieved by a deep neural network, whose results are fed to a genetic algorithm as an initial condition. The genetic algorithm furthers the optimization, evolving to converge into the global optimum. Experimental results demonstrate that with the proposed GeneNN, optimization speed is almost doubled and wavefront shaping performance can be improved up to 40% over conventional methods. The reinforced hybrid algorithm shows great potential in facilitating various biomedical and optical imaging techniques.
Highlights
Light focusing and imaging through disordered media are of great significance for biomedical imaging, but they have been considered challenging for decades due to the inevitable multiple scattering of light in biological tissues
A half-wave plate (HWP) (WPH10M-633, Thorlabs) and a polarizer (LPVISC100MP2, Thorlabs) are employed together to adjust the polarization state of the incident light to be parallel along the long axis of the spatial light modulator (SLM, X13138-01, Hamamatsu)
A focused speckle pattern was sent to the DCNN as the desired pattern, and one SLM pattern was predicted and sent to the SLM for light modulation, resulting in a transmitted speckle shown as Fig. 6(a) in practice
Summary
Light focusing and imaging through disordered media are of great significance for biomedical imaging, but they have been considered challenging for decades due to the inevitable multiple scattering of light in biological tissues. Researchers successfully overcame the effect of multiple scattering and realized light focusing inside or through the disordered media by various techniques such as optical time reversal and iterative wavefront shaping.. Researchers successfully overcame the effect of multiple scattering and realized light focusing inside or through the disordered media by various techniques such as optical time reversal and iterative wavefront shaping.11–15 Built upon the former, Time-Reversed Ultrasonically Encoded (TRUE) and Time Reversal of Variance-Encoded (TROVE) adopt ultrasound as virtual guide stars, and diffused light encoded by ultrasonic waves is time reversed and focused inside media. Wavefront shaping has been employed in numerous areas such as fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, and optical coherence tomography.
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