Abstract
This experiment allows students to discover the fundamental experimental difference between fluorescence and light scattering; namely, that the wavelength of fluorescence is independent of the excitation wavelength whereas the wavelength of scattered light increases with increasing excitation wavelength. The students use this fact to identify the fluorescence, Rayleigh scattering, and Stokes Raman scattering bands of an aqueous solution of fluorescein. The wavenumber difference of the Raman scattering peak of the solvent water is then calculated and shown to agree well with the wavenumber of infrared absorption of liquid water at 3400 cm-1. The good agreement of the two values is explained by the initial and final energy levels being very similar in both cases, although the energy pathway followed is different for the two processes. Finally, the students predict the expected position of the anti-Stokes Raman scattering peak of water and show that it is not observable owing to the small population of the v...
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