Fluid Boundaries in Emerging Complex Intelligent Systems: System, Operational, and Organizational Perspectives

In the last years Public Health Service has been trying to find out solutions in order to improve its health value added creation capacity. The implementation of the Day-surgery division mainly aims to follow that direction, since it enables the improvement of the ratio between efficacy, quality and healthcare suitability and on the other hand efficiency, costs and modality of better resources utilization. The centralization of Day-surgery activities proposes some innovative characteristics, concerning that it introduces an organizational model focused on needs and it performs the separation of the clinic and therapeutic activities from the ones involving the assistance. Both economic and qualitative advantages deriving from the changes stand out in term of: - high possibility of activities’ scheduling; - improved customer satisfaction; - rationalisation of day-hospital recovery, with positive effects on the inpatients; - improved hospital economic stability. This study was carried out with the support of the multiple-skill group composed of doctors, nurses, administrative staff as well as experts in the field of organisation with an aim to provide the full outline of the necessary competences. The proposed discussion reflects the multidisciplinary view of the problem and different perspectives. Each of them regards particular aspects and implications indicated as following: - clinical perspective, related to the possibility of day-surgery interventions both from the medical and the anaesthetic point of view; - organisational perspective, which refers to the possible day-surgery models in conjunction with the organisational model and their peculiarities; - operative perspective, which consist of the analysis of the ideal structural dimension, flows of activities among all services involved and the analysis of the productive capability; (number of necessary beds, staff dimension and a relapse of the operation activities needs); - economic perspective, focused mainly to provide the final valuation on the capacity of the project to contribute to the improvement of the hospital.

Occupational health management system: A study of expatriate construction professionals

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which TQM has influenced the legal system in Australia, an area seldom investigated in the quality or legal literature.Design/methodology/approachDocumentary and policy analysis of legislation, rules and rulemaking documentation based on a partial application of historical-policy analysis (HPA). Textual analysis was based on Dean and Bowen's (1994) definition of TQM and Vinni's (2007) review of new public management and Swiss (1992) “reformed TQM” concepts.FindingsAustralia's Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency Act of 2011 and supporting legal documents such as Guidance Notes include language reflective of TQM principles, providing evidence that present-day administrative law schemes include TQM practices and tools to undergird procedures of regulatory expectations (sometimes in the form of standards), monitoring and general operations. Oftentimes, it is the supporting legal documentation where TQM practices are found and operationalized.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a proof-of-concept research study to determine the feasibility to identify TQM concepts within the existing language of legal statutes and supporting regulatory documentation. As such this study worked out the preliminary research challenges in performing this type of analysis.Practical implicationsUnderstanding TQM's impact on legal systems expands the system's perspective of organizations that do not always factor in the influence government policy has on organizational behaviours and outlooks. More specifically, understanding TQM's influence sheds insight on regulatory requirements imposed on a sector and the normative aspects of regulatory compliance that impact the operations and strategic planning of organizations.Social implicationsThe article provides an example of how legal administrative rulemaking influences organizational operational and strategic activities to remain viable in the organization's business or industrial sector.Originality/valueThere are few research papers or literature reviews pertaining to the subject of TQM concepts embedded in laws and regulations, most of which date from the 1980s through early 2000s.

한국재난안전네트워크와 미국 NVOAD는 민간 재해구호 거버넌스를 통하여 효과적으로 재난에 대응하고자 설립되었지만, 결과는 큰 차이가 있다. 본 연구는 재해구호 거버넌스를 주어진 것으로 간주하는 기존의 연구한계를 극복하고 발전 방향을 제시하고자 양국 사례를 비교하였다. 조직구조적차원에서, 한국의 각 조직들은 역량 편차에도 불구하고 단순 병렬적인 구조로 되어 있어 재난상황시 필요한 조정 메커니즘이 작동하기 어렵다. NVOAD의 경우, 조직들이 각자 자생력을 가지고, 층위구조로 체계화되어 있어 효과적인 의사결정과 조정 역할을 수행의 기반이 된다. 운영체계적 차원에서, 일회성 캠페인이나 평면적 과업에 치중하는 한국과 달리, NVOAD는 네트워크와 정보공유의메커니즘을 제공하도록 거버넌스 차원의 조정 역량 강화에 주안점을 둔다. 제도적 차원에서, 한국은실질적 역할을 하기 위한 공식적 참여자로서의 제도적 지위 보장이 부족하였다. 향후, 재해구호 거버넌스가 실제 재난에서 민간의 역량들을 효과적으로 조정하는 역할을 수행할 수 있도록 전략적 접근이 필요하다.

This paper contributes to address an important issue in business process management: the Business Process (BP) flexibility issue. First, it defends that versions are an interesting solution to deal with both a priori (when designing BPs) and a posteriori (when executing BPs) flexibility. It also explains why previous contributions about versions of BPs are incomplete, and need to be revisited. Then, the paper presents a meta-model for BP versions, which combines five perspectives -the functional, process, informational, organizational and operation perspectives- for BP modelling, and which allows a comprehensive description of versionalized BPs.

Empowered by blockchain and Web3 technologies, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are able to redefine resources, production relations, and organizational structures in a revolutionary manner. This article aims to reanalyze DAOs from the perspectives of organization and operation, and provide a more precise definition of DAOs as Decentralized Autonomous Organizations and Operations. Based on this, the fundamental principles and requirements of DAOs are explained, while the infrastructure based on cyber–physical–social system (CPSS) and parallel intelligence, as well as the supporting technologies, such as digital twins, metaverse, and Web3, are discussed. Besides, a five-layer intelligent architecture is presented, and the closed-loop equation and new function-oriented intelligent algorithms are also proposed. Moreover, the governance mechanisms from the individual, organizational and social perspectives are discussed, and the incentive mechanisms for the human, robot, and digital human are analyzed. This article can be regarded as a stepping stone for further research and developments of DAOs.

As a new construct spanning natural science and social science, complexity emphasizes the core ideas of anti-reductionism, dynamic evolution, non-linearity, emergence and self-organization. The complex system perspective（CSP）emphasizes the implications of the complexity theory to delineate and analyze organizational phenomena, involving technological change, business model innovation and institutional evolution. In terms of theoretical contribution, the CSP integrates multidisciplinary meta-assumptions and proffers a general framework for individual behavior, collective action and institutional change. In terms of practice, the governance mechanism derived from the CSP requires managers to go beyond the ordinary practice of management and process control. Instead, it inspires management to notice the importance of multi-collaborative governance mechanisms working together to make the system stable, efficient and able to adapt to shocks from the external environment. Based on a review of the existing literature and classic studies of the organizational theory, this paper discusses the history and development of theories concerning complex organization, in which various different concepts are adopted to enrich the CSP. The perspective of the rational system brought the concepts of rational working process and bureaucratic controls into organization management. The perspective of the natural system proposes the importance of influence, informal groups and leadership. Simon integrates these two system perspectives and open access to open system studies. The approach of the open rational system introduces us the concepts of transaction cost, organizational design, and governance mechanisms, while the open natural system introduces institutional forces and organization isomorphism. These theories together help to develop the growth of CSP, and Granovetter, in his famous book Society and Economy”, builds a theoretical framework integrating Rational and Natural System models in an open system perspective. Thus, this paper constructs a framework of organizational research employing the CSP, in which micro-level behaviors, social ties among entities, small group dynamics, larger network structures and system evolution are integrated to explain the emergence of macro-level forces. This research not only involves the frontier achievements of complex organization research, but also provides a new theoretical perspective and empirical orientation for organization and management research in China.

Blockchain-empowered sustainable manufacturing and product lifecycle management in industry 4.0: A survey

Reservoirs play an important role in the development of economy and society, as well as the maintenance of ecological balance. The reservoir operational security can make every function of reservoirs fully played. This paper makes a systematic analysis on the meaning of reservoir operational security and builds up a framework system of it from the perspective of organization and system. On this3 basis, the paper researches the contents and indexes of reservoir operational security from the microscopic, intermediate and macroscopic aspects. The results of this paper provide a foundation for further research on reservoir operational security management.

In this talk, we consider Collective Intelligence (CI) systems [11-13, 15] from an organizational perspective. CI systems offer a solution to problems that need cognitive skills, problem-solving capabilities, knowledge, know-how or experience at large scale. They help to facilitate and streamline large-scale problem-solving endeavours. The organizational perspective on CI systems offers us two strands of discussion. On the one hand, it can be about understanding the potential of CI systems for today's organizations. On the other hand, CI systems can be considered as organizations themselves and can be investigated as such.

Cloud computing in its various forms continues to grow in popularity as organizations of all sizes seek to capitalize on the cloud’s scalability, externalization of infrastructure and administration and generally reduced application deployment costs. But while the attractiveness of these public cloud services is obvious, the ability to capitalize on these benefits is significantly limited for those organization requiring high levels of data security. It is often difficult if not impossible from a legal or regulatory perspective for government agencies or health services organizations for instance to use these cloud services given their many documented data security issues. As a middle ground between the benefits and security concerns of public clouds, hybrid clouds have emerged as an attractive alternative; limiting access, conceptually, to users within an organization or within a specific subset of users within an organization. Private clouds being significant options in hybrid clouds, however, are still susceptible to security vulnerabilities, a fact which points to the necessity of security frameworks capable of addressing these issues. In this paper we introduce the Treasure Island Security Framework (TISF), a conceptual security framework designed to specifically address the security needs of private clouds. We have based our framework on a Distributed Key and Sequentially Addressing Distributed file system (DKASA); itself borrowing heavily from the Google File System and Hadoop. Our approach utilizes a distributed key methodology combined with sequential chunk addressing and dynamic reconstruction of metadata to produce a more secure private cloud. The goal of this work is not to evaluate framework from an operational perspective but to instead provide the conceptual underpinning for the TISF. Experimental findings from our evaluation of the framework within a pilot project will be provided in a subsequent work.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) projects are prone to risk from the strategic, operational, technical and organizational perspective. The assessment of project risks is a challenging task for project managers and is considered in a class of a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. In this work, an MCDM approach has been presented for risk assessment in ERP project by COPRAS under fuzzy environment where the vagueness and subjectivity are handled with linguistic terms parameterized by triangular fuzzy number. Fuzzy COPRAS (COPRAS-F) has been used to determine the weight of risk criteria and then prioritize the risk factor based on the calculated weight of criteria. The prioritized risk factors have been classified in scale from almost certain to rare risks. The proposed approach is illustrated with a real case studying fertilizer plant and the associated results have been compared with fuzzy TOPSIS technique. The result of this study demonstrates that excessive customization, ineffective consulting services experiences, complex architecture and high number of modules, poor project team skills, inadequate change management, inadequate ERP selection, ineffective strategic thinking and planning, poor leadership, lack of business process re-engineering and low-key user involvement are top ten risks that need to be mitigated to avoid failure of ERP project.

The literature on manufacturing performance measurement underscores the importance of operational performance measures, as well as aggregate organisational measures. However, research aimed at quantifying and tracking such measures from both operational and organisational perspectives has been slow in forthcoming. The Manufacturing Operational Effectiveness (MOE) indicator introduced and tested in this study lends itself to both operational performance measures and aggregate organisational performance measures of the manufacturing system performance. The results of several simulation scenarios utilising actual manufacturing data clearly illustrate the utility of MOE. These results have both operational tactical and strategic organisational practical implications. Operational effectiveness and strategic competitiveness can be tracked and improved through the systematic utilisation of MOE.

Background: In 2011 the first payment-by-results (PbR) scheme in Catalonia was signed between the Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), the Catalan Health Service, and AstraZeneca (AZ) for the introduction of gefitinib in the treatment of advanced EGFR-mutation positive non-small-cell lung cancer. The PbR scheme includes two evaluation points: at week 8, responses, stabilization and progression were evaluated, and at week 16 stabilization was confirmed. AZ was to reimburse the total treatment cost of patients that failed treatment, defined as progression at weeks 8 or 16.Objective: To estimate the financial consequences of this PbR reimbursement model and determine the perception of the stakeholders involved in the agreement.Methods: Differential drug costs between two scenarios, with and without the PbR, were calculated. A qualitative investigation of the organizational elements was performed by interviewing the parties involved in the agreement.Results: Forty-one patients were included from June 2011 to October 2013 and assessed at two evaluation points. Clinical results were comparable to those observed in the pivotal studies of gefitinib. The difference in the cost of gefitinib using the PbR compared to the traditional purchasing scenario was 6.17% less at 8 weeks, 11.18% at 16 weeks and 4.15% less for the overall treatment. The PbR resulted in total savings of around €36,000 (€880 per patient). From an operational and organizational perspective, the availability of adequate data systems to measure outcomes and monitor accountability and the involvement of healthcare professionals were acknowledged as crucial.Conclusions: Tangible and intangible benefits were identified with respect to the interests of the parties involved. This has led to the incorporation of innovation for patients under acceptable conditions.

In this paper we describe how declarative process modeling together with ontologies can be used to build complex clinical process models. Our approach supports the definition of functional, behavioral, organizational, data and operational process perspectives, resulting in an expressive and flexible modeling language. We use constraints for representing inter-process dependencies and constraint propagation for finding which processes are executable in user selected or given scenarios. Knowledge about the organizational perspective of a clinical ontology can be represented and imported from RDF files for interfacing with other applications. We implemented our approach in ESProNa, a Log talk application running on SWI-Prolog extended with the CLP(FD) constraint library and the N3 parser Henry.