Abstract
<p>Hexylamine, chloro-derivative of propylamine, and ammonium chloride were used for flotation of Permian carbonaceous copper bearing shale from the Legnica-Glogow Copper Basin region in SW Poland. It was confirmed that naturally hydrophobic shale, known as Kupferschiefer, can be made floatable by application of short chain amines as frothers. It was also established that the short chain amine chloro-derivatives as well as salmiac, the first member of the amine family, can be used as a frother for flotation of the investigated shale sample. It results from the paper that the investigated amine frothers work similarly if the comparison of the flotation results is made using their concentration expressed in relative form taking into account the critical coalescence concentration of the frother.</p>
Highlights
Copper-bearing shale, called European Permian black shale or Kupferschiefier [1, 2] is a part the copper ore currently mined in Poland in the Legnica-Glogow Copper Basin area [3]
The conducted experiments revealed that the investigated shale can be floated in the used laboratory flotation machine with all the three applied reagents, that is hexylamine, chloro-derivative of propylamine and salmiac (Fig. 1)
Used in this work hexylamine, chloro-derivative of propylamine, and ammonium chloride can be applied as frothers for flotation of copperbearing carbonaceous shale
Summary
Copper-bearing shale, called European Permian black shale or Kupferschiefier [1, 2] is a part the copper ore currently mined in Poland in the Legnica-Glogow Copper Basin area [3]. Extraction of the base metals from the ore is performed by a series of operations including mining, size reduction, flotation, dewatering, smelting, and final purification. Flotation involves application of tio-chelating reagents including xanthates, aerofloats, carbamininas as collectors , as well as frothers in the form of alcohols and their derivatives [7]. It was established many years ago that copper-bearing shale does not float naturally, that is the absence of flotation reagents [8] even though the shale is hydrophobic [9]. In this paper flotation of copperbearing shale using two amine type reagents and salmiac (NH4Cl), the first member of the aliphatic amines family, as flotation frothers in collectorless flotation was investigated
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