Abstract
Angiosperms exhibit an enormous diversity in inflorescence architecture and flower morphology. Despite this diversity, the genetic networks controlling the development of both structures are largely conserved. The majority of the regulators involved in flower initiation and development are members of the large family of MADS box transcription factors, which are highly conserved in angiosperm species. MADS box proteins function together in dimeric or multimeric protein complexes to control the expression of target genes. The roles of the different proteins in establishing the identity of the floral organs are summarized in the ABCDE and the floral quartet models. This chapter reviews the current knowledge on the molecular processes involved in floral organ initiation and development in angiosperms by means of the model species Arabidopsis. Subsequently, the data from Arabidopsis are compared with available data from other model species to illustrate conservation or divergence in the evolution of the flower.
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