Abstract
Flipping the tanycyte switch: how circulating signals gain direct access to the metabolic brain.
Highlights
The survival of an organism relies on its ability to promptly, effectively and reproducibly communicate with brain networks that control food intake and energy homeostasis [1, 2]
This regulation is primarily mediated by the balance between anorexigenic neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexigenic neurons expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti-related protein (AgRP)
The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) lies adjacent to the median eminence, which contains a blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier composed of tanycytes, specialized hypothalamic glia that line the floor of the third ventricle and extend processes to contact a specialized capillary plexus [4]
Summary
The survival of an organism relies on its ability to promptly, effectively and reproducibly communicate with brain networks that control food intake and energy homeostasis [1, 2]. Under fasting conditions, decreased systemic levels of nutrients (e.g. glucose) and changes in related hormone levels (e.g. decreased leptin and increased ghrelin) act to activate NPY/AgRP neurons and inhibit POMC neurons in the hypothalamus.
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