Abstract
A flexible N-doped activated shaddock peel carbon (N-ASPC)/graphene (GN)/bacterial cellulose (BC) hybrid paper electrode with remarkable mechanical properties and large mass loading (8mgcm−2) is fabricated. This flexible electrode integrates extraordinary special capacitance N-ASPC from resource-rich fruit waste (shaddock peel), highly conductive GN and ultrafine three-dimensional (3D) fibrous network structure BC, which exhibits remarkable areal capacitance of 2004mFcm−2 (250.5Fg−1), excellent rate performance with 82.3% retention from 2 to 40mAcm−2, good cyclic stability with 97% retention over 10,000 cycles, ultrahigh tensile strength (32MPa) and good conductivity (1550Sm−1). The symmetric supercapacitor based on two identical N-ASPC/GN/BC film electrodes with an operation voltage of 1.4V in Na2SO4 electrolyte can deliver a maximum energy density of 0.158mWhcm−2 and a maximum power density of 28mWcm−2. Therefore, the binder-free N-ASPC/GN/BC electrodes hold great promise for flexible energy-storage devices.
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