Flatness, weakly lex colimits, and free exact completions

Abstract

We capture in the context of lex colimits, introduced by Garner and Lack, the universal property of the free regular and Barr-exact completions of a weakly lex category. This is done by introducing a notion of flatness for functors F:C→E\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$F:{{\\mathcal {C}}}\\rightarrow {{\\mathcal {E}}}$$\\end{document} with lex codomain, and using this to describe the universal property of free Φ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Phi $$\\end{document}-exact completions in the absence of finite limits, for any given class Φ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Phi $$\\end{document} of lex weights. In particular, we shall give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of free lextensive and free pretopos completions in the non-lex world, and prove that the ultraproducts, in the categories of models of such completions, satisfy an universal property.