Abstract
Conventional reactive air brazing (RAB) of stainless steel (SS) to ceramic components usually encounters Cr oxidation and joint embrittlement problems due to high temperature and long dwelling time. Herein, 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) and 430 SS were joined using an Ag–CuO filler in seconds at relatively low temperatures (875 °C–1050 °C) with the assistance of a direct current passing through the seam. The applied current promoted the melting of the filler and rapid filling of the gap due to Joule heating effect. Also, it facilitated atomic/ionic transport and interfacial reaction. Key joining parameters including current density, joining time and furnace temperature were investigated, and a maximum joint strength of 158 ± 9 MPa was achieved at a current density of 4 A/cm 2 for 30 s at 950 °C, which is approximately 50% higher than that of the RAB joints. The formation of AgCu 4 Zr and Zr-rich intermetallic phases at the 3YSZ/Ag and Ag/430 SS interfaces, respectively, together with the suppression of the growth of Cr-containing oxide, was responsible for the robust joining.
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