Abstract
The Five Factor Model (FFM) is a hierarchical taxonomy of personality traits. At the superordinate level are five factors labeled Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability (vs Neuroticism), and Intellect (or Openness). Below this level are several more specific personality traits that are summarized by these five higher-order dimensions. In this article, we briefly describe the lexical and questionnaire approaches that led to the development of the FFM, and review measures that derive from these two traditions, measuring both higher- and lower-order traits. In addition, we discuss abbreviated instruments, measures that assess variants of the FFM, an open source personality item pool, and a structured interview. Future research will improve upon FFM assessment by examining the five factor structure across languages and developmental periods, and detailing the structure of personality traits at lower levels of the trait hierarchy.
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