Abstract
The fitness standards required for drivers in the transport industries are discussed. Ways of reducing the risks imposed by unfit drivers and pilots range from automatic safety systems to the use of a copilot trained to spot signs of unfitness. The risk of sudden cardiac event has long been a cause for concern although there are no quantitative data identifying the frequency of attributable transport accidents. For airline pilot fitness a risk of less than 1% of a fatal event in the subsequent year is considered acceptable in the presence of a copilot. The risk ceiling is 20% annually for car drivers and 2% for bus and lorry drivers. The risk of hypoglycaemia from diabletes is more complex to assess. Sight defects correctable by the use of glasses are not considered a problem but useful field of view should be checked. Other stable vision impairments may be assessed using practical driving tests under controlled conditions. The risks from variable impairments such as alcohol and fatigue are discussed. The development of common criteria across transport modes is considered.
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