Abstract
Clothianidin is a second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, widely used against sap-sucking insect pest including melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). This pest causes severe economic damage to Cucurbitaceae plants worldwide. In this study, we investigated clothianidin resistance development under continuous selection pressure. Moreover, the age-stage, two-sex life table approach was used to evaluate the impact of clothianidin resistance on the fitness of A. gossypii. A clothianidin resistant strain (CT-R) with a 23.17-fold resistance level was developed from a susceptible strain (CT-S) after continuous selection for 24 generations. Life table results showed a significant reduction in the relative fitness (0.847) of CT-R strain compared to the CT-S strain of A. gossypii. The developmental duration, oviposition days, total pre-oviposition period (TPOP), longevity, and fecundity of CT-R strain were found to be significantly lower when compared to CT-S strain. The demographic parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), and mean generation time (T) were also significantly decreased in CT-R strain compared to the CT-S strain. Both the reproductive and survival rates were affected by clothianidin resistance in CT-R strain compared with the CT-S strain of A. gossypii. Overall, our results demonstrate that in-depth knowledge about the trade-off at play between resistance degree and fitness cost might be useful to design resistance management strategies against A. gossypii.
Highlights
The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an economically important insect pest, affecting Cucurbitaceae plants worldwide [1]
In the first 10 generations (F2-F10) of the clothianidin resistant strain (CT-R) population, the LC50 values were slowly increased from 0.52 mg L−1 to 2.23 mg L−1
Clothianidin belongs to second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide that acts as an agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors [27]
Summary
The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an economically important insect pest, affecting Cucurbitaceae plants worldwide [1]. Fitness costs in clothianidin-resistant population of the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii effects on beneficial insects [9,10,11,12,13,14]. The indiscriminate applications of chemical insecticides cause resistance development in insect pests, including A. gossypii [15,16,17,18,19,20]. Neonicotinoid insecticides, including clothianidin, have been widely used against several insect pests [8, 19, 21,22,23,24]. Acetamiprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used against several sap-sucking insect pests, including A. gossypii. Both the longevity and fertility of A. gossypii were decreased when exposed to the LC5 and LC15 concentrations of acetamiprid [21]
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