Abstract
Abstract : One in seven men over the age of 60 will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Elucidation of early cellular changes that may predict progression to prostate cancer and the identification of factors that may inhibit or reverse these cellular changes would be of great clinical significance. Alteration of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway is an early cellular change that has recently come under investigation. Overexpression of the lipogenic enzyme FAS has been noted in several tumor and pre-cancerous tissue types, including prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer and has been suggested as an independent predictor of disease stage. Additionally, inhibition of FAS has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis and reduce cell proliferation in cancer cells. Fatty acid synthase expression in cancer and normal cells is regulated by the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1). The up-regulation of SREBP-1 in tumor cells results in increased FAS expression and fatty acid synthesis. Research in normal cells has demonstrated that dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3 fatty acids, inhibits SREBP-1 activation, resulting in a decreased transcription of FAS.
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