Fish lice (Argulidae: Argulus spp.) infestations detected on freshwater fish in Türkiye: Argulus foliaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900

Abnormal swimming and major mortalities of fish were observed by a fish farmer in his pond in which he was rearing common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Samsun, Turkey. A total of 118 common carps of different size and weight were transferred to the laboratory and examined for ecto- and endoparasites. Thus, a heavy infestation with the fish louse, Argulus foliaceus, was found, with the ectoparasites firmly attached to the skin and fins of all the (118) carps, during this parasitological examination (100% prevalence). Up to 800-1000 lice were counted on a single fish and most of these were detected as microscopic juvenile stages. Major fish mortalities or large numbers of moribund fishes due to this parasite were seen throughout the pond. Furthermore, no endoparasites were found in the carps examined. In the pathological investigation, hyperaemia, especially on the pectoral and pelvic fin bases and in the abdominal area, was macroscopically observed.

Genetic contribution of domestic European common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and Amur carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) to the wild Vietnamese carp population as revealed by ddRAD sequencing

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a freshwater fish that has several advantages such us fast growth, easy maintenance, good nutritional value and economic value. The demand for carp products is quite high. Based on data from the Directorate General of Aquaculture (2018), there was an increase in production of 33,954 tons from 2010 to 2017. According to Faroq (2020), feeding mixed with pineapple core enzymes can increase the highest daily growth rate and feed efficiency. A more efficient feed is expected for fish to survive more when infected with the Argulus japonicus parasite. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bromelain enzyme on pineapple core on SR, SGR, and FCR in carp (Cyprinus carpio) infested with Argulus japonicus. This study used a factorial completely randomized design with of 4x2 treatments with bromelain enzyme doses of 0% and 2.25% and the degree of argulus infestation, it is mild, moderate, and severe. The results showed that survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion (FCR) were not significantly different from use bromelain enzyme in carp infested with Argulus japonicus.

Swimming, grazing and social behaviour of rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and common carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) in tanks under fed and non-fed conditions

A 1-year study on the occurrence of ectoparasites on farmed and wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) and their relationship with temperature and culture conditions was conducted between June 1994 and May 1995 at two sites in the Sinop region of northern Turkey. Following the investigation of 125 common carp, Trichodina acuta Lom, 1961, Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski and Migala, 1968, Trichodina nigra Lom, 1960, Trichodinella subtilis Lom, 1959, Apiosoma piscicola Blanchard, 1885, Epistylis sp., Dactylogyrus anchoratus Dujardin, 1845, Dactylogyrus extensus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932, Gyrodactylus sp. and Argulus foliaceus L., 1758 were identified. Trichodina mutabilis and Dactylogyrus extensus were found to be the most common ectoparasites on both the farmed and the wild common carp. The overall infestation prevalence was 100% on farmed carp and 93.6% on wild carp. Dactylogyrus anchoratus represents a new parasite record for Turkey.

The demand for common carp in Indonesia is high, and the success of seed production relies on the quality of the broodstock. However, freshwater aquaculture faces challenges from diseases, particularly parasites like Argulus japonicus. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, intensity, and degree of infestation of A. japonicus on common carp. The research method was survey. The research was conducted in October 2019 at Ngawi Fish Hatchery Center and in November 2023 at Tambakrejo Village, Waru, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. There were 26 broodstock of common carp as samples. A. japonicus were ectoparasites found to infest 10 common carp (Cyprinus carpio) broodstock that were ready to spawn at Fish Hatchery Center in Ngawi, East Java and 16 common carp (C. carpio) that raised from Tambakrejo Village farmer in Waru, Sidoarjo, East Java. Prevalence of the fish infested with A. japonicus was same in 100% at both regions. However, there is different in the intensity of A. japonicus at Ngawi Fish Hatchery Center (29 individuals/head) and at Tambakrejo Village, Waru, Sidoarjo (42,5 individuals/head). But, the degree of infestation in both location was classified as severe. Attachment site of A. japonicus were in the fish body surface, fins, and mouth. During the research, water quality is in normal limits that can be observed by 28°C temperature, 7.1 pH, and 2.6 mg/L DO. In conclusion, common carp in Ngawi Fish Hatchery Center and Tambakrejo Village, Waru, Sidoarjo, East Java, were infested with the heavy category of A. japonicus.

This research was carried out in order to get overview of current status of infestation with Dactylogyrus spp. and other parasites in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) collected from the ponds around Mashhad in northeast of Iran. A total of 100 common carps from March to December 2011, 61 (61%) specimens were hosts to parasites. Monogenea dominated the parasite load most of all fishes, whereas Argulus foliaceus (Arthropoda) was the less parasite. Parasites were found as followed: Dactylogyrus extensus (29%), Dactylogyrus anchoratus (2%), Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (10%), Trichodina nigra (7%), Capillaria spp. (5%), Procaecum spp. (2%), Argulus foliaceus (2%), and Lernaea cyprinacea (4%). Seasonal changes in the abundance of parasites were evident for most taxa in which the prevalence of parasitic infection and diversity were more in summer than other seasons. The result of this study provide a better aquaculture conditions and help to solve some of the problems of fish farmers.

This study was aimed to estimate the selectivity properties of multifilament trammel and gillnets for common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) in Marmara Lake in Manisa, Turkey. Trammel and gillnets of 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm stretched mesh size and 210 d/2 no twine thickness were tested in the Marmara Lake. In addition, selectivity parameter of 11, 12, 13 and 14 cm mesh size of trammel and gillnets were modelled. SELECT method was used to estimate the selectivity parameters. Experiments were carried out monthly in the three different stations identified eastern, middle and western areas which represent longitudinal length of the lake. A total of 36 trials were conducted both nets. A total of 119 common carps were caught ranges between 11.3 - 49.0 cm total lengths. According to the Bi- normal model, which gave the lowest deviance for both trammel and gillnets, selectivity curves were estimated for 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 cm stretched mesh size modelled lengths as 12.98, 19.47, 25.96, 32.45, 35.70, 38.94, 42.19 and 45.43 cm for trammel nets, 12.40, 18.60, 24.80, 31.00, 34.10, 37.20, 40.30 and 43.40 cm for gillnets, respectively. When considering minimum landing size (40 cm total length), it is recommended that both nets under 13 cm mesh size should be prohibited for common carp fishery in the Lake Marmara. Keywords: Trammel net, gillnets, common carp Cyprinus carpio, size selectivity, Lake Marmara

Diel rhythmicity of grazing, swimming, resting andsocial interactions of rohu (Labeorohita)(weight66.5^68.3g) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio)(79.9^82.0g) were observed in1m 2 simulated ponds usingvideoimages. Fishbehaviour was monitored duringafull24-hperiod,startingat08:00hourswitha15-minrecording, whichwas repeated every 3h. Rohu spentmoretimegrazingduringthedaythanatnight.Graz-ingactivity peakedat thebeginningandat the endofthe day. Grazing and resting of rohu were negativelycorrelated.Commoncarpgrazeddayandnight,show-ing no distinctgrazing peak. Considering thegrazingtime of rohu and common carp, a feeding schedulewithtwofeedingtimesat07:30and16:30hoursmightbeappropriateforbetterfoodintakeandconversioninrohu^commoncarppolyculturesystem.Keywords: swimming, grazing, behaviour, rohu,commoncarpIntroductionTogether, rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and commoncarp Cyprinus carpio (L.) contribute 26% (rohu 11%,commoncarp15%)ofthetotalworldfreshwateraqua-culture production outside China (FAO 2005). Nowa-days, rohu^common carp polyculture is being widelypracticed in South Asia. Rohu is a highlyappreciatedconsumption ¢sh, fetching good market prices (Dey,Paraguas, Bhatta, Alam, Weimin, Piumsombun,Koeshandrajana,DungSRahman,Wahab& Verdegem 2007), while common carp is gainingquick popularity as a bottom feeder in South Asiabecause it has a faster growth rate than the nativebottom feeder mrigal Cirrhinus cirrhosus (Bloch)(Milstein,WahabRRahman2006).The eiects of addition of arti¢cial feed and diier-ent densities of common carp on natural food avail-ability, food intake and growth and production inrohu ponds were studied (Rahman, Verdegem,Nagelkerke,Wahab, Milstein & Verreth 2006). It wasobservedthatbotharti¢cialandnaturalfoodsareim-portant for the growth of rohu and common carp.Thepondstudyshowedsynergisticeiectsonnaturalfood availability in rohu^common carp polyculture.The question was raised as to whether the observedsynergism was mainly caused by increased naturalfoodavailabilityorbyachange in feedingbehaviour.Behaviouralstudiesinpondsaredi⁄cultduetohighturbidityand, consequently, low visibility.Therefore,to be able to observe the feeding behaviour, pondtreatments were simulated in aquaria.The eiects ofarti¢cial feed applicationand diierent stocking den-sities of common carp (0, 1 and 2tank

Recent studies on comparative genomics have suggested that a round of fish-specific whole genome duplication (3R) in ray-finned fishes might have occurred around 226-316 Mya. Additional genome duplication, specifically in cyprinids, may have occurred more recently after the divergence of the teleosts. The timing of this event, however, is unknown. To address this question, we sequenced four Hox genes from taxa representing the polyploid Cyprinidae fish, common carp (Cyprinus carpio, 2n=100), crucian carp (Carassius auratus auratus, 2n=100), and silver crucian carp (C. auratus gibelio, 2n=156), and then compared them with known sequences from the diploid Cyprinidae fish, blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, 2n=48). Our results showed the presence of two distinct Hox duplicates in the genomes of common and crucian carp. Three distinct Hox sequences, one of them orthologous to a Hox gene in common carp and the other two orthologous to a Hox gene in crucian carp, were isolated in silver crucian carp, indicating a possible hybrid origin of silver crucian carp from crucian and common carp. The gene duplication resulting in the origin of the common ancestor of common and crucian carp likely occurred around 10.9-13.2 Mya. The speciations of common vs. crucian carp and silver crucian vs. crucian carp likely occurred around 8.1-11.4 and 2.3-3.0 Mya, respectively. Finally, nonfunctionalization resulting from point mutations in the coding region is a probable fate for some Hox duplicates. Taken together, these results suggested an evolutionary model for polyploidization in speciation and diversification of polyploid fish.

Innate immune response against an oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces invadans in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a fish resistant to epizootic ulcerative syndrome

Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by insulin and glucagon in vivo and in vitro in common carp Cyprinus carpio L.

Molecular characterizations, immune modulation, and antibacterial activity of interleukin-17A/F1a and interleukin-17A/F1b in common carp Cyprinus carpio

Growth performance and immune status in common carp Cyprinus carpio as affected by plant oil-based diets complemented with β-glucan

Immunomodulatory effects of graded levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) – In vitro and in vivo approaches