Abstract
Abstract: The Paranapanema River is an important, extensively explored tributary of the Upper Paraná River basin. The fish fauna of the Paranapanema River has been investigated since the 1990s; however, no study has characterized the richness of fish species throughout the basin, including the main channel of the river, marginal lagoons, its tributaries, and sub-tributaries. Thus, we performed a review with 90 independent studies conducted at the upper, middle, and lower sections of the basin. We recorded 225 species, of which 165 were native, and 60 were non-native. We found that 77% of the species within the basin are composed by Siluriformes and Characiformes. Cichliformes had a significant number of non-native species established in impoundment sections of the basin. Incidence-Based Estimators (Bootstrap and Chao 2) demonstrated that the richness of native species is still underestimated. Some native (e.g., Hypostomus ancistroides) and non-native species (e.g., Plagioscion squamosissimus) are widely distributed in the basin, while others had a more restricted distribution. Among the registered species, the family Bryconidae had the highest number of representatives with threatened conservation status. In addition, we observed that the Capivara Reservoir and its tributaries were the most sampled regions, with the majority of studies performed in the Lower Paranapanema basin. The species richness recorded in large tributaries, such as Tibagi, Cinzas, Congonhas, and Pirapó rivers is critical for maintaining the fish fauna in the Paranapanema River. Our contribution may be used to support management actions and conservation strategies, as well as to indicate regions in the basin that need to be better inventoried.
Highlights
South America has the greatest diversity of freshwater fish fauna in the world, with a high taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional variety (Barletta et al 2010, Reis et al 2016, Vitule et al 2017)
The Paranapanema River - one of the most important tributaries of the left margin of the Paraná River (Maack 2002, Duke Energy 2008) - hosts a significant part of this diversity, as evidenced by several fish inventories and ecological studies performed on its main course (Carvalho et al 1998, Pelicice et al 2005, Britto & Carvalho 2006, Orsi 2010, Orsi & Britton 2014, Pelicice et al 2018), tributaries, and sub-tributaries (Castro et al 2003, Cerqueira & Smith 2015, Vidotto-Magnoni et al 2015, Rosa et al 2016)
The compilation of 90 studies resulted in the identification of 10 orders, 40 families, 118 genera, and 225 species within the Paranapanema River basin
Summary
South America has the greatest diversity of freshwater fish fauna in the world, with a high taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional variety (Barletta et al 2010, Reis et al 2016, Vitule et al 2017). Such diversity is sheltered mainly in the Amazon (Santos & Ferreira 1999), and Paraná (Brea & Zucol 2011) river basins. The Upper Paraná River basin is one of most studied basins in terms of fish fauna (Agostinho et al 2007a), being composed of between 270 to 310 species (Agostinho et al 2007b, Langeani et al 2007). Past works suggest that species compilations from the Paranapanema River alone vary from 155 (Duke Energy 2008) to 161 (Pelicice et al 2018)
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