Fish Farming and Its Impact on Rural Livelihoods and Economic Development

The prospects of digital infrastructure in promoting rural economic growth and development are by and large immense. The paper found that rural development is considerably important for economic development and for achievement of sustainable livelihoods that increases people’s ability to achieve good health and wellbeing that enable the achievement of sustainable development. The paper found that digital imbalance and digital illiteracy in the rural areas hinder implementation of digital infrastructure to lead to rural economic growth. Digital infrastructure is the source of economic opportunities that enables local people in the rural areas to be more creative in achieving development success. It enables them to have a unique sense of place and fashioning of vibrant economic and financial opportunities that ensure the achievement of sustainable rural economic development. However, the paper found that the application of digital infrastructure to South Africa’s rural areas in the bid to promote rural economic growth has been hindered by factors like the digital divide, financial constraints, digital illiteracy and the failure to own a smart phone. These factors hinder digital infrastructure from leading to sustainable rural economic development and growth. The paper used secondary data gathered from existing literature. The use of qualitative research methodology and document and content analysis techniques became vital in the process of collecting and analyzing collected data.

Community participation is the key point of rural Eco-tourism's connotative development, and the community is key stakeholder of rural Eco-tourism.This paper explores and researches the selection and application of rural ecological tourism community and participation mode, draws on the successful cases of domestic and foreign relevant experience, and makes implementable analysis with the starting point of domestic tourism market and its related interests.With the ongoing global economic integration process, the third service industry economy, dominated by tourism as a pillar industry, has also made rapid development.At present, in our country's domestic tourism market, rural tourism has become one of the themes of the new century, and the rural economic development in the new period.With the constant improvement of rural Eco-tourism industry pattern system, it not only drives all-round development of rural economy in our country, but more importantly put forward a new idea, a new road for the sustainable development of tourism industry in China.This paper selects some domestic cases of rural ecological tourism community, combines these classic cases for comparison and analysis, and finds out the suitable community participation model with local characteristics for our country's tourism development.

Purpose Rather than solely having agricultural production at its core, rural development comprises of a multiaxial structure in which the socio-economic structure develops, non-agricultural economic diversification is assured, and a governance-based approached is adopted in the organization and participation mechanisms. The applicability and consistency of these intertwined axes entail an integrated approach to efforts in rural development. With the purpose of uncovering the critical points of the process, creating strategies intended for rural economic development within the axes valued by different stakeholders, and strengthening the participation mechanisms, SWOT Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) integrated method, and TOWS matrix have been used to identify the Güdül rural economic development model. Design/Methodology/Approach In this study, the hierarchical structure established for the economic structure of Güdül is placed on the foundations of a SWOT analysis, quantified through Analytic Hierarchy Process, and evaluated within the framework of the three stakeholder’s perceptions (local people, experts, and local governments) according to their priority values. Findings Thus, the extent of the respective effects of important factors in rural economic development has been identified. In conclusion, the decisive role of quantified methods in the identification of strategies and policies utilized in the process of Güdül’s rural economic development has been manifested. Various strategies supporting the rural development and also institutions responsible for the implementation of these strategies were designated in light of the needs of Güdül and the expectations of the local people living in rural areas. Research Limitations/Implications The version of the questionnaire forms compatible with the SWOT-AHP technique, the scarcity of local manager surveys, the lack of answers to the questions of the local people are among the main difficulties encountered. Originality/Value This study is quite original in that it is the first strategic rural development plan model made specifically for Güdül, related to the participation of indigenous people in planning initiatives and transparently reflects the sometimes combined and sometimes changing views of local people, experts and local administrators about the importance of SWOT groups has a quality.

China has always been a major agricultural country, and the issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have always been fundamental issues of China’s reform and development. First of all, most previous studies did not combine agricultural development with rural economic development to consider the rural development status. Through the network-slack-based measure (SBM) model, agricultural development and rural economic development are taken as the first stage and the second stage, respectively, to determine the overall efficiency of rural development. Secondly, most previous studies directly selected a number of agricultural materials as inputs to evaluate agricultural production efficiency, and did not consider the impact of a variety of agricultural materials comprehensively. We use the entropy method to calculate a comprehensive index including a variety of agricultural materials. Third, most previous studies did not take into account the harmful effects of agricultural production on the environment. We take carbon emissions and agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) as undesirable outputs into the model, and consider the impact of agricultural production on the ecological environment comprehensively. On the basis of the above innovation, we adopt the two-stage SBM-undesirable model to comprehensively and systematically study the efficiency of rural development in China. Furthermore, the gap of rural development efficiency is determined by sigma convergence and a convergence test. All the data are from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. The results show that the development level of China’s rural agricultural eco-efficiency is significantly higher than that of rural economic development, and the low efficiency of the whole rural development is mainly affected by the low efficiency of rural economic development. The distribution of efficiency value shows that the eastern region is the best, and the development level of the remaining three regions is very low. The regional development gap is large, and this gap still exists for a long period of time. Nevertheless, the efficiency of rural development has improved year by year. Based on empirical analysis, we put forward some feasible suggestions to provide reference for policymakers in formulating rural development policies, narrowing the regional gap and rural sustainable development.

A decadal outlook for global aquaculture

In the report of the 19th National Congress, Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out that the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers are fundamental to national welfare and people's livelihood, and solving these "three rural issues" must always be the top priority in the Party's work. Implementing the strategy for rural revitalization is an important foundation for building a modern economic system, and promoting the development of rural logistics to drive regional economic growth is one of the important ways to achieve the strategy of rural revitalization. Against the backdrop of rural revitalization, this paper assesses the current state of rural logistics and regional economic development in Anhui Province, analyzing the present situation of rural logistics and regional economy in Anhui Province. Firstly, taking Anhui Province as the case study area, this research constructs an index evaluation system and establishes a comprehensive evaluation model by surveying recent data on rural logistics and economic development from 16 cities within the province. Then, based on statistical data, the comprehensive evaluation index, correlation, and synergy of both are calculated, and an analysis is made accordingly. This paper examines the coupling relationship between the development of rural logistics and regional economic development in Anhui Province from both temporal and spatial dimensions, arriving at the following conclusions: From the temporal dimension, it is evident that since 2010, both the development index of rural logistics and regional economic development index in Anhui Province have been rising continuously, showing a good development trend. The development indexes of Anhui Province's rural logistics and regional economy have shown the same upward trend, indicating a coupling in their development. From the spatial dimension, the development of rural logistics is linked to the level of economic prosperity, and the regional economy has a spatial expansion effect on promoting rural logistics, which in turn facilitates urban economic development and is also influenced by the population base. By summarizing the conclusions on the relationship between rural logistics and regional economic development, this paper provides valuable suggestions for effectively promoting rural economic development, increasing farmers' income, and achieving the strategy of rural revitalization sooner.

With the implementation of the policy of expanding domestic demand,farmers have become the main body of rural economy and rural industrialization.Development of rural industrialization promotes the development of rural economy in China,effectively transfers the surplus labor force in rural areas,continuously optimizes the rural economic structure,improves the living standard of farmers,and has made important contributions to the stability and development of economy and society in China.This paper introduces the connotation of rural industrialization,classifies it into three modes according to the farmer's investment and economic development,such as exogenous model of rural industrialization,endogenous model of rural industrialization and integrated model of rural industrialization.Though rural industrialization has obtained great achievements,there are still some problems restricting the development of rural economy in China.For instance,cognitive bias leads to the slow pace of rural industrialization;rural industry develops rapidly but its efficiency is low;intensive degree of economic growth is still very low;ability of independent innovation is weak;there are obvious contradiction between the constraints of resource and environment and the acceleration of industrialization;and development gap between regions has further widened.Therefore,policy suggestions are put forward.Firstly,continue to strengthen policy support.Secondly,take a new road of rural industrialization.Thirdly,strengthen the construction of human resources in rural areas.Fourthly,actively guide the investment behavior of farmers.And finally,support the specialty cooperative of farmers and the leading enterprises,which has certain reference significance to enhance agricultural benefit,farmers' income,rural development and modern agriculture.

Agricultural insurance is a kind of compensation insurance designed to provide protection for the economic losses caused by insured accidents suffered by agricultural producers in agricultural production. Rural revitalization refers to the strategy of improving the level of rural economic, social and cultural development and achieving coordinated and sustainable development of urban and rural development. Agricultural insurance can effectively diversify risks and reduce losses for agricultural producers, which plays an important role in stabilizing farmers' income, helping rural economic development, and promoting rural revitalization. Based on the theoretical analysis of the mechanism of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization, this paper empirically studies the effect of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization by using panel data from various provinces in China from 2011 to 2020. In this paper, the TOPSIS entropy weight method, the system generalized method of moments (GMM) and the threshold model are used to calculate the actual development level of rural revitalization in each province of China, the promotion effect of agricultural insurance on the development level of rural revitalization and the promotion of rural revitalization in five dimensions, and whether there is a threshold effect of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization. The empirical results show that: (1) The level of rural revitalization in various provinces in China shows a dynamic trend of "overall slow rise, with obvious differences between provinces." (2) Improving the development level of agricultural insurance can drive the improvement of China's rural revitalization level, and every 1 unit increase in the development level of agricultural insurance will drive the level of China's rural revitalization to increase by 0.1633 units. At the same time, the role of agricultural insurance on social etiquette and civility is not significant, and the role of the remaining four rural revitalization goals is significant. (3) Agricultural insurance has a significant effect on the level of rural revitalization in eastern provinces, but does not play a significant role in rural revitalization in central and western provinces. (4) The role of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization has a double threshold effect. Accordingly, this paper puts forward some suggestions for increasing the capital investment in agricultural insurance, innovating the new mode of agricultural insurance operation, promoting the in-depth development of agricultural insurance according to local conditions, and reasonably adjusting the capital investment of agricultural insurance. Finally, because the data used in this paper do not cover the entire process of rural revitalization and the research is mainly carried out from a macro perspective, there are still some shortcomings in this paper.

In the context of rural revitalization, the research in this paper firstly excavates the mechanism of the digital economy’s role in rural economic development and explores the development trend of the data economy. The evaluation system of the rural digital economic development level is constructed based on the needs of rural economic development, combined with the entropy value objective assignment method. Based on this basis, the impact of the digital economy and rural revitalization is analyzed using gray correlation degree and spatial economic distance matrix. The three indicators of information and communication, digital economy industry, and innovation ability have a greater degree of influence on the development status of the rural digital economy, with weights accounting for 21.05%, 38.12%, and 22.25%, respectively. The gray correlation between the level of digital industrialization, the level of industrial digitization, and the level of economic development varies between 0.687 and 0.852 and 0.491 and 0.643, respectively, and the correlation between them and the level of high-quality economic development is obvious. From a spatial point of view, the Moran indexes of the development level of rural revitalization and the development level of the digital economy are both significantly positive, and p is less than 0.05, and there is an obvious spatial clustering phenomenon in both the digital economy and rural revitalization. This study provides a new path for exploring the balanced development of China’s digital economy and promoting rural economic revitalization and provides theoretical references and a realistic basis for narrowing the urban-rural economic gap.

This paper focuses on rural economic development that seems grossly reported, neglected and underinvested in Nigeria despite various acclaimed public policies that the sector holds the key to sustainable economic development of the nation. Analysis of the 55 years of sectoral performance appraisal of the Nigerian economy in relation to sustainability is not comprehensive and instructive if it is devoid of a review of development policies that are public and rural driven. This paper therefore, addresses the dynamics, challenges and prospects of public policy instruments as indicative of rural economic development and performance indicators in the overall discourse on sustainable rural economic development in Nigeria. The paper adopted a qualitative approach to show evidences of performance indicators in rural areas in Nigeria. It concludes that public policies have assisted in accelerating the pace of rural development in Nigeria and the impact cannot be wished away for whatever reasons. The paper recommended that, public policies on rural economic development must be community driven, environmental friendly in implementation, social capital impacted and guided by deliberative civic engagement to enhance the buy-in attitude of rural dwellers.

Reviewed by: The Unknown Cultural Revolution: Educational Reforms and Their Impact on China's Rural Development C. Montgomery Broaded (bio) Dongping Han. The Unknown Cultural Revolution: Educational Reforms and Their Impact on China's Rural Development. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 2000. vii, 195 pp. Hardcover $50.00, ISBN 0-8153-3906-2. Dongping Han believes that the Cultural Revolution, at least as it unfolded in many parts of the Chinese countryside, has gotten a bad rap. He takes the Deng Xiaoping regime and its successors to task for characterizing the Cultural Revolution (hereafter, CR) as a complete, unmitigated disaster for all of China. Quite to the contrary, Han argues, CR policies had very positive effects in Jimo, the rural Shandong county where he himself grew up and later conducted the dissertation research on which this volume is based. Han notes that pre-CR education policies had the effect of siphoning talent away from the countryside, thereby weakening efforts at rural economic development. The great majority of rural children at best received only a few years of schooling while a select few were able to move up the educational ladder, eventually gaining access to universities and urban state-sector job assignments. The educational reforms of the CR broke this cycle. The decade witnessed a massive expansion of rural schooling at the primary and secondary levels as well as some reorientation of the curriculum toward practical applicability of knowledge in the rural setting. Policies requiring high school and college graduates to return to the commune or factory from which they were recruited and the transfer of educated urban youth to the countryside also increased the supply of better-educated people in rural China. Thus, one of the conditions necessary for sustained rural development was significantly strengthened. A second strand of Han's analysis involves fundamental changes in village political culture and the consolidation of collective organization. He argues that villagers' habits of submissiveness, cultivated over millennia in traditional China's "officialdom culture," had persisted after the establishment of the PRC. Only during the CR were villagers empowered to challenge local officials and hold them accountable for their behavior. Longtime power holders were deposed—but only temporarily, as it turned out—and new village leadership groups were installed through the mechanism of Revolutionary Committees. Consolidation of the collective economy and political empowerment of ordinary villagers made it possible to undertake large-scale infrastructure projects, promote mechanization and scientific experimentation in agriculture, and launch many rural industrialization projects. These efforts resulted in a doubling of agricultural production during the CR decade. Rural industrial output rose from almost nothing at the start of the CR to constitute about a third of Jimo County's economy by 1976. Therefore, [End Page 434] Han argues, the real origins of Chinese rural development lie not in Deng Xiao-ping's reforms of the late 1970s and 1980s, but rather in Mao's CR policies to expand and reorient rural education, to empower ordinary villagers, to consolidate the collectives, and to promote rural industrialization. This volume is a useful corrective to the tendency to view the Cultural Revolution solely from the perspective of the well-educated urbanites whose harrowing stories are widely known in the West. The CR, of course, unfolded differently in different places and was experienced quite differently depending on people's social and political status and the interpersonal dynamics of particular settings. It is widely acknowledged that the CR had a profound (and, many would argue, mostly negative) impact on China's urban education system. Nevertheless, few readers will quarrel with Han's conclusions that CR policies greatly expanded educational opportunities for rural children and that reform-era policies have significantly eroded those gains. Han's larger argument linking the expansion of education, the transformation of village political culture, and rural economic development, however, seems unlikely to persuade anyone who is not already fundamentally sympathetic to his position. Some skepticism is warranted, for example, about the depth and the long-term persistence of changes in village political culture. While most of Jimo's long-serving village cadres were deposed in the early stages of the CR, every one of them was eventually "rehabilitated...

Economic development is a top priority of state and local policymakers. In many rural areas, the abilities to enhance employment opportunities and raise earnings are practically necessary ingredients for survival. Prescriptions for rural economic development have evolved over time from industrial recruitment to business retention to strategies stressing entrepreneurship and local amenities. In recent years, Richard Florida’s ideas about the creative economy have grabbed the attention of regional policymakers and spawned a variety of economic development initiatives aimed at attracting members of the creative economy. This special issue of the Agricultural and Resource Economics Review contains papers related to the broad area of economic development, with a focus on the rural creative economy. The creative economy papers are from a workshop on the topic held in Mystic, Connecticut, on June 13–14, 2006, following the annual meetings of the Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association (NAREA). The Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development co-sponsored the workshop, and provided financial support. Workshop objectives were to characterize rural areas in terms of the development of the creative economy, examine the effects of amenities and other community attributes on the growth of the rural creative economy, and investigate the effects of the creative economy on other indicators of rural vitality. Thomas Johnson’s paper on place-based economic policy, presented at the NAREA Meetings’ Award Luncheon, provided an excellent point of departure for the creative economy workshop. Tom defines place-based economic theories, which include quality-of-life strategies such as amenity-based initiatives, as “those in which economic behavior is explained as a process which is influenced by the characteristics of places, and by interpersonal relationships which are influenced by the characteristics of places.” In a nutshell, Richard Florida’s “creative capital” theory of economic development is that the creative process—influenced and fostered by the regional presence of technology, talent, and tolerance— generates economic vitality. Ann Markusen’s keynote presentation at the creative economy workshop further examined the subject of place-based economic development with a consumption-base theory of rural development. Unlike an export-base approach to economic development that supports the use of incentives to attract manufacturing plants that ship goods outside the region, the consumption-base theory stresses the importance of cultural facilities and locally provided services as contributors to rural economic development. Ann suggests that, by “providing better local cultural and entertainment opportunities,” local policies can change consumption patterns and “spur small town development.” This idea is at the heart of many rural creative economy initiatives. Two papers presented at the workshop examined the local characteristics that attract members of the creative economy. Timothy Wojan, Dayton Lambert, and David McGranahan documented the presence of “artistic havens” in rural areas, and found that they have long been established in “places of spectacular natural beauty.” However, important for current rural development policy, _________________________________________

<p>The purpose is to analyze the economic development and management mechanism of rural enterprises, and explore the role of ecological environment protection mechanism in the economic development of rural enterprises. First, the related theories are analyzed and expounded; then, the participants of rural enterprise economy are analyzed, and the evaluation index system of rural enterprise economy is established. The economic and management mechanism of rural enterprises under the ecological environment protection mechanism is analyzed by using the model projection pursuit evaluation model under the real coded accelerated genetic algorithm. The results show that the ecological index coefficients are 0.0856, 0.1334, 0.1977, 0.2123 and 0.2543 respectively. In addition, the ecological economic index are 0.1932, 0.2168, 0.2693, 0.2168 and 0.1933. Irrigation level, effective control of soil erosion rate and forest coverage exert a significant impact on the economic development and management mechanism of rural enterprises; the small per capita water resources index indicates that it is essential to improve the water cycle; the occurrence rate of agricultural natural disasters exerts little influence on the development of agricultural circular economy, indicating that the ability of agriculture to resist natural disasters still needs to be improved. To sum up, this exploration can provide reference for the sustainable development of rural enterprise economy.</p>

With deepening of rural revitalization strategy, rural infrastructure construction plays an important role in local economic development and living environment governance. Based on the mediation model, this paper takes case study of 285 cities in China from 2017 to 2022 as samples, constructs the explanatory variable, the explained variable and the mediator variable by entropy method, empirically analyzes the impact of rural infrastructure construction on rural living environment governance and rural economic development, as well as the mediation role played by rural living environment governance. It is found that there is a significant positive impact between rural infrastructure construction and rural economic development, and rural infrastructure construction can promote economic development through rural living environment governance. Further analysis show that the impact of rural infrastructure construction on rural economic development presents heterogeneity, and the impacts of rural infrastructure construction on local economic development and on local economic development through living environment governance in the eastern and central China is stronger than that in the western China. After controlling a series of variables related to rural infrastructure construction, and performing endogeneity tests and robustness tests such as tail-shrinkage regression and principal component analysis, the regression results are still robust. This paper firstly provides scientific empirical evidence for the hypothesis that rural infrastructure construction promotes local economic development through rural living environment governance, and secondly confirms the necessity of strengthening rural infrastructure construction in China to promote rural revitalization, providing a policy basis for scientific decision-making, and finally finds an important way out to solve the problem of unbalanced economic development in rural areas to some extent.

Some of the economies of the world are currently under severe strain. For their survival, these economies within nation states are therefore compelled to explore new avenues to generate revenue. It is in this context that I perceive and conceive of indigenous heritage as an economic resource essential for local rural development. Accordingly, it should be treated as an integral part of national development plans and strategies. The challenge though is to link heritage to practical, sustainable and mutually beneficial economic development programmes. To this end local communities and developers should work together in the pursuit of common goals and interests, enabled by indigenous knowledge systems and contemporary information and communication technologies (ICT). The argument in this article is that Africa has a major under development challenge and with 'nature based' tourism properly administered and developed there could be economic dividends and attendant social benefits. The article cites success stories from similar initiatives that have profoundly transformed some rural communities into economic hubs.