Fiscal Health Rankings of the States

This research paper critically examines the contribution of excise duty to the economic development of Chhattisgarh, a rapidly growing state in central India. The primary purpose of the paper is to explore the extent to which excise duty has bolstered state revenue and its role in financing key infrastructure and welfare projects. Excise duty, particularly on goods like alcohol, tobacco, and petroleum, forms a significant portion of Chhattisgarh's fiscal income, making it crucial to understand its economic implications. Key aspects of excise duty in Chhattisgarh include its structure, collection mechanisms, and recent reforms aimed at enhancing efficiency. The paper assesses the relationship between excise duty revenues and broader economic indicators such as state GDP, employment rates, and infrastructure development. Findings from the study suggest that while excise duty contributes significantly to state revenue, its uneven enforcement and the rise of illegal markets present challenges to maximizing its potential. The paper concludes with recommendations for reforming excise policies, including better regulation and improved transparency, to ensure excise duty continues to contribute effectively to Chhattisgarh's long-term economic growth. By critically evaluating both strengths and weaknesses, this study provides a comprehensive view of excise duty's role in the state's fiscal health.

The complex relationship between public debt, economic growth, and revenue generation is an essential aspect of macroeconomic management, particularly for developing nations like Nepal. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of Nepal’s foreign and domestic debt management practices from 1974/75 to the present, focusing on the evolution of public debt and its interplay with economic growth, revenue generation, and fiscal sustainability. The period around 1974/75 marked a significant turning point for Nepal, initiating a shift in the country’s reliance on external financing due to domestic fiscal constraints and political instability. Through an extensive review of historical data, economic theories, and comparative analysis with other South Asian nations, this paper explores how both internal and external debt have affected Nepal’s development trajectory, revenue systems, and long-term growth prospects. Using a variety of economic models and principles, including debt-overhang, Ricardian equivalence, and the fiscal multiplier, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of how public debt influences national economic outcomes. The paper further investigates the challenges associated with debt sustainability, rising debt servicing costs, and the crucial role of domestic revenue generation in managing Nepal’s debt trajectory. With robust empirical data from credible sources, this study provides a thorough examination of Nepal’s debt history, policy reforms, and economic outcomes. It offers new insights into the importance of managing both external and internal debt effectively to ensure long-term fiscal health and sustainable growth. The paper concludes with policy recommendations on debt management, revenue mobilization, and growth strategies for Nepal and other countries facing similar challenges.

From a historical perspective, Eli Diniz and Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira show how the established contract between the private sector and the government came to an end since the end of import substitution industrialization and as a consequence of the reforms of the 1990s based on the Washington Consensus. The authors point out that a new national development strategy cannot be identified. Due to a subtle process of de-industrialization and extremely low growth rates in the 1990s, the political participation of industrialists became weaker as did their political influence. Since Lula’s election as president, in 2002, Brazil is going through a transition from an economic system ruled by the market to a system with stronger State control. To foster a long-term economic growth process, a national development strategy should be formulated jointly by the government and the industrial sector (as occurred between 1930 and 1980). Such a strategy has to respond to the national reality and be founded on solid fiscal health, low interest rates and a competitive exchange rate, without neglecting the issue of social justice.

American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine in 2006: Embracing the Future

AimRacial disparities in COVID-19 death rates have largely been driven by structural racism in health, housing, and labor systems that place Black, Brown, and Indigenous populations at greater risk for COVID-19 exposure, transmission, and severe illness, compared to non-Hispanic White populations. Here we examine the association between taxable property values per capita, an indicator influenced by historical and contemporary housing policies that have disproportionately impacted people of color, and COVID-19 deaths.MethodsTaxable values serve as a proxy for fiscal health providing insight on the county’s ability to address imminent needs, including COVID-19 responses. Therefore, higher taxable values indicate local governments that are better equipped to deliver these public services. We used county-level data from the American Community Survey, the Michigan Community Financial Dashboard, The Atlantic’s COVID Tracking Project, and the Community Health Rankings and Roadmap for this cross-sectional study. Maps were created to examine the geographic distribution of cumulative death rates and taxable values per capita, and regression models were used to examine the association between the two while controlling for population density, age, education, race, income, obesity, diabetes, and smoking rates.ResultsSeventy-five counties were included. The mean taxable value per capita was $43,764.50 and the mean cumulative death rate was 171.86. Findings from the regression analysis showed that counties with higher taxable values were associated with lower COVID-19 death rates (B = –2.45, P < 0.001)ConclusionOur findings reveal a need to reevaluate current policies surrounding taxable property values in the state of Michigan, not solely for their inequitable impact on local governments' financial solvency and service quality, but also for their negative consequences for population health and racial health equity.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-022-01817-w.

The insurance business plays a pivotal role in financial interpretation, serving as a vital conduit through which funds from small investors are mobilized and channeled into productive economic activities. It comprises two principal segments: Life Insurance and General Insurance, with the latter commonly referred to as the Non-Life Insurance sector. This sector is instrumental in supporting economic resilience and fostering long-term growth by mitigating a wide range of risks. The present research delves into a relative analysis of the earnings and profitability of public sector and private sector Non-Life Insurance companies in India. By examining key financial indicators such as underwriting results, net profit margins, investment income, and claim settlement ratios, the study seeks to uncover performance differentials and strategic financial management practices across the two segments. The objective is to assess the efficiency, sustainability, and competitive positioning of these firms within an evolving regulatory and market environment. This analysis not only contributes to understanding institutional performance but also provides insights for policymakers, investors, and industry stakeholders regarding the operational dynamics and fiscal health of the NonLife Insurance landscape.