Abstract
Little is known about mechanisms of membrane fission in bacteria despite their requirement for cytokinesis. The only known dedicated membrane fission machinery in bacteria, fission protein B (FisB), is expressed during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis and is required to release the developing spore into the mother cell cytoplasm. Here, we characterized the requirements for FisB-mediated membrane fission. FisB forms mobile clusters of approximately 12 molecules that give way to an immobile cluster at the engulfment pole containing approximately 40 proteins at the time of membrane fission.
Highlights
Membrane fission is a fundamental process required for endocytosis [1], membrane trafficking [2], enveloped virus budding [3], phagocytosis [4], cell division [5], and sporulation [6,7,8]
Using TMA-DPH as the fission reporter, we quantified the percentage of cells that have undergone fission as a function of time, for wild-type, fisB knock-out (ΔfisB, strain BDR1083, see S1 Appendix Table B for strains used), and ΔfisB cells complemented with fission protein B (FisB) fused to monomeric EGFP as shown in Fig 1D and 1F
We showed that FisB is required for the membrane fission event that marks the completion of engulfment of the forespore by the mother cell [23]
Summary
Membrane fission is a fundamental process required for endocytosis [1], membrane trafficking [2], enveloped virus budding [3], phagocytosis [4], cell division [5], and sporulation [6,7,8]. An initially continuous membrane divides into 2 separate ones. This process requires dynamic localization of specialized proteins, which generate the work required to merge membranes [9,10,11,12,13]. Dynamin [14] and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) catalyze many eukaryotic membrane fission reactions [15]. Both fission machineries bind acidic lipids, assemble into oligomers, and use hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (GTP or ATP) to achieve membrane fission. Very little is known about membrane fission in bacteria, even though they rely on membrane fission for every division cycle
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