First Record of Floral Fasciation in Chrysalidocarpus lutescens

For many ornamental plants there are no fertilization tables in Brazil and growers use, inappropriately, the same fertilizing for different species of ornamental plants. A first step is to know the nutrient uptake by these plants. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration and to characterize the accumulation of nutrients of the main tropical ornamental plants grown in the Ribeira Valley region, São Paulo state, Brazil: Clusia fluminensis, Dracaena marginata, Dypsis lutescens, Gardenia jasminoides, Ixora coccinea, Ligustrum sinense, Murraya paniculata, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Rhapis excelsa e Viburnum prunifolium. The plants were donated by local farmers and after sorting, these were divided into roots, stems and leaves, and, subsequently, washed, dried and was determined their concentration of nutrients. The experimental design was randomized using four repetitions and the species of ornamental plants were considered as treatments. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by Scott-Knott test (5%). For the macronutrient, the greater accumulation of N was in Podocarpus macrophyllus. The Clusia fluminensis tree had the highest calcium and magnesium accumulations. The largest amounts of P and S were accumulated in Rhapis excelsa and Podocarpus macrophyllus. The greatest accumulation of K was in Rhapis excelsa, Dracaena marginata, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Murraya paniculata and Ixora coccinea. Smaller amounts of macronutrients were accumulated in Dypsis lutescens and Viburnum prunifolium. As for the macronutrients, the largest accumulation of Cu was observed in broad leaf Rhapis excelsa. Clusia fluminensis tree and Dracaena marginata accumulated the largest amounts of Mn. Regarding the Zn, Rhapis excelsa, Dracaena marginata and Ligustrum sinense were plants with higher accumulation. Smaller amounts of B were accumulated in Viburnum prunifolium, Dracaena marginata and Dypsis lutescens. Ligustrum sinense, Dypsis lutescens and Ixora coccinea accumulated lower amounts of Fe in relation to others. The accumulation of nutrients by ornamental plants is very different between species and this information should be used to adjust fertilizer recommendations. Ornamental plants were grouped as demand and NPK ratio, to assist in the management of fertilizer.

Novel report of Bipolaris heliconiae causing frog-eye-like leaf spot on Dypsis lutescens in Indian Sub-Continent

A pot experiment was conducted under shade at the nursery of Antoniades Botanical Garden, Hort. Res. Inst., Alexandria, Egypt during 2014 and 2015 seasons in order to overcome the hardseededness of golden cane palm (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl.) seeds by subjecting them after removing the fleshy exocarp to the following treatments: untreated depulped seeds (control), soaking in either tap or hot (60-70 °C) water for 48 h. under room temperature, scarifying the hard endosperm by either clefting it with a hacksaw or rasping it at the distal rounded end that facing the placental pointed-end with a file and soaking in concentrated H2SO4 (98.5 %) for either 1 or 2 h in a completely randomized design, replicated thrice, each replicate contained 10 seeds. The results have shown that soaking treatments either in tap or hot water for 48 h. gave the highest germination % (87.33 and 85.00 % in the first season and 90.00 and 87.50 % in the second one, respectively) compared to the control and other treatments in the two seasons. The least percent of germination was recorded by soaking in concentrated sulphuric acid for either 1 or 2 h., while the seeds treated with clefting or rasping treatments have failed to germinate in both seasons. The least no. days to either the highest percent of germination (G.V.) or 50 % germination (MGR) was also achieved by soaking either in tap or in hot water treatments. The means of germination rate index (GRI), vigour index (V.I.), seed viability (S.V.) and plumule length, as a real indicator for germination vigour, the lengths of seedling, sheath, leaf, petiole and root and No. leaves/seedling, as well as leaf content of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and total soluble sugars were also improved by the various treatments used in this study except the treatments of H2SO4 , but the excellence in most previous parameters was for soaking the depulped seeds in tap water treatment, which gave the utmost highest values at all in both seasons and followed by soaking in hot water one. Hence, it can be recommended to soak the depulped seeds of golden cane palm (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl.) in either tap or hot water for 48 h. in order to get the best germination characters and seedling quality.

Various kinds of plants are found in the world with numerous properties and applications. Plants with medicinal properties have been part of traditional medicine for years among different communities. The properties are investigated and exploited in recent times for the development of drugs against human diseases. The focus of this study is to identify the bioactive compounds in Dypsis lutescens which may be medicinally important. Several compounds like 17- Pentatriacontene, Eicosane 7-hexyl, Silane, dimethyl(docosyloxy)butoxy and 1-Heptacosanol were identified from Dypsis lutescens through GC-MS analysis. Moreover, it is also shown that green synthesis of silver nanoparticles can be carried out with this plant. In conclusion, Dypsis lutescens shows promising results and could be further explored for its medicinal and therapeutic properties.

Three formulations of an encapsulated urea product and one sulfur-coated urea were evaluated at 0 to 4 times the recommended rate on Chomaedorea elegans, Chomaedorea seifrizii, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Spathiphyllum `Tasson', and Rhapis excelsa against a standard controlled-release fertilizer at equal N rates. Each plant species responded differently to the fertilizer sources. Chomaedorea seifrizii and Spathiphyllum `Tasson' did not exhibit preferences for fertilizer source from top-growth measurements. Chomaedorea elegans, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, and Rhapis excelsa growth measurements indicate that fertilizer source affected growth and quality of the plants. The general recommendation for foliage plant production is an equal ratio of ammoniacal to nitrate nitrogen sources. Economically, this ratio makes the fertilizer more expensive than other traditional fertilizers. The use of a controlled-release urea fertilizer has the benefit of being a cheaper source of N and would lower the cost of production, but results on the selected foliage plants indicate that the fertilizer composition is important in plant production.

The purpose of this study is to know the mechanism and optimum condition of seed germination for three palms, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Mascarena verschaffeltii and Phoenix dactylifera. The seed of Chrysalidocarpus lutescens is global with a slightly pointed edge in the top, while that of Mascarena verschaffeltii is slightly slender oval. These two kinds of seeds are uniform in their tissue of endosperm and they have a tongue-like cotyledon which elongates at a position close to the seed when the germination takes place. The seed form and germination pattern of Phoenix dactylifera are similar to those of Phoenix canariensis, but the seed size of P. daclylifera is a little larger than that of the latter.The percentage of seed germination in Chrysalidocarpus lutescens was only 30, while those in Mascarna and Phoenix were over 90 at the optimum temperature. The optimum temperature of seed germination seems about 25°C for Chrysalidocarpus. For Mascarena, optimum was 25°C to 35°C, the highest percentage being obtained especially at 35°C. For Phoenix, the optimum range of temperature was similar.The least number of days from planting to germination was 25, 17 and 15 in Chrysalidocarpus, Mascarena and Phoenix, respectively. The favorable seed bed was vermiculite and sand, sand and clay loam for Chrysalidocarpus and Mascarena, respectively. However, there was no difference among beds examined in Phoenix. The seed of Chrysalidocarpus was so easy to dry that it had lost the germination power two months after harvest. Although the fresh weight of seed of Phoenix reduced about 76% after the storage in room for one year, the seed maintained the germination power at 70%.

The current trend in sustainable architecture is the use of natural and regional materials to reduce those that consume more energy in their production and those that are highly polluting due to the amounts of CO₂, damaging the environment. Concrete is one of the most materials used in construction. Still, it is possible to replace cement with other sustainable or vernacular materials. The objective of the present work is the mechanical characterization of the stem of the areca palm (Dypsis lutescens and Chrysalidocarpus lutescens); its obtention is very common in the area of Tampico-Madero-Altamira (Mexico); the easy planting and reproduction make possible to grow it elsewhere. Tests for compressive, flexural, and mechanical resistance, as well as durability, were carried out using Mexican standards. The maximum bending moment that a 2.5m long horizontal structure can support is estimated. The palm shows an acceptable resistance and a resistant moment of up to 6680 ± 0007kg.cm. We also found that durability may be possible for more than ten years. When a roof structure based on a shingle is made with this plant, including supports every 2.2m, it is possible to use it in vernacular house construction with minimal deformation. The use of this material can reduce the environmental impact by avoiding products derived from cement.

The purpose of this study is to know the mechanism and optimum condition of seed germination for three palms, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Mascarena verschaffeltii and Phoenix dactylifera. The seed of Chrysalidocarpus lutescens is global with a slightly pointed edge in the top, while that of Mascarena verschaffeltii is slightly slender oval. These two kinds of seeds are uniform in their tissue of endosperm and they have a tongue-like cotyledon which elongates at a position close to the seed when the germination takes place. The seed form and germination pattern of Phoenix dactylifera are similar to those of Phoenix canariensis, but the seed size of P. daclylifera is a little larger than that of the latter.The percentage of seed germination in Chrysalidocarpus lutescens was only 30, while those in Mascarna and Phoenix were over 90 at the optimum temperature. The optimum temperature of seed germination seems about 25°C for Chrysalidocarpus. For Mascarena, optimum was 25°C to 35°C, the highest percentage being obtained especially at 35°C. For Phoenix, the optimum range of temperature was similar.The least number of days from planting to germination was 25, 17 and 15 in Chrysalidocarpus, Mascarena and Phoenix, respectively. The favorable seed bed was vermiculite and sand, sand and clay loam for Chrysalidocarpus and Mascarena, respectively. However, there was no difference among beds examined in Phoenix. The seed of Chrysalidocarpus was so easy to dry that it had lost the germination power two months after harvest. Although the fresh weight of seed of Phoenix reduced about 76% after the storage in room for one year, the seed maintained the germination power at 70%.

This study was initiated to determine the optimal stage to transplant Areca Palm, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl., seedlings and to determine their tolerance to adverse handling during transplanting. Best growth and less plant loss occurred when transplanting was done at an early developmental stage (spike or 1st-leaf stage compared to 2nd-leaf stage). Growth reduction and losses were minimized when minimum root disturbance and desiccation occurred.

Palm trees constitute one of the most interesting ornamental groups making up some families of about 3 000 species. They are real jewels from plant kingdom and also wanted for their exoticism to decorate gardens all over the world. Among them are those pertaining to Dypsis genus, which has more than 100 species, Dypsis lutescens being the most worldwide used for landscape gardening. In Cuba, both plant production and marketing have been constantly dynamic; however, trade demands can not be satisfied, due to the slow plant growth and short seed viability that makes them be all sown at once, to obtain results at the same time instead of gradually, so that they are within customers´ reach whenever they need them. Having in mind how significant palm tree marketing is, it is evidently necessary to study some alternatives to improve plant quality and production by means of using growth-promoting substances, as well as seed preservation methods and germination studies.

Armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) were collected from Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl) Beentje & J. Dransf., 1995, and Phoenix roebelenii O’Brien, 1889, in urban Costa Rica. Lopholeucaspis cockerelli (Grandpré & Charmoy, 1899), previously known only from intercepted plant material, was found on both palms (P. roebelenii—new host record). Pseudischnaspis bowreyi (Cockerell, 1893), also previously recorded only from interceptions, was identified on both species (new host records). Ischnaspis longirostris (Signoret, 1882) was identified on both palms, Selenaspidus articulatus (Morgan, 1889) on P. roebelenii (new host record), Hemiberlesia cyanophylli Signoret, 1869 on P. roebelenii (new host record) and D. lutescens, H. palmae (Cockerell, 1893) on P. roebelenii (new host record) and D. lutescens, Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley, 1899) on D. lutescens, Pinnaspis apidistrae (Signoret, 1869) on D. lutescens and P. roebelenii (new host record), Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret, 1869 on P. roebelenii, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan, 1889) on both palms (new host records), Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard, 1869) on P. roebelenii (new host record), and Aspidiotus destructor Signoret, 1869 on both palms. Among parasitoids, Aphytis sp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was reared from C. dictyospermi and I. longirostris, and Signiphora sp. (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae) from H. cyanophylli and I. longirostris. This is the first record of a species of Signiphora Ashmead, 1880 parasitizing I. longirostris. The identified armored scales are highly polyphagous and not exclusive to palms, highlighting the need for further research on their diversity and ecology, as well as their natural enemies, in tropical urban environments.

The golden palm ( Dypsis lutescens) is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical regions. In June 2022, golden palms in residential areas of Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico, exhibited leaf anthracnose symptoms. Fungal isolates obtained from symptomatic tissue consistently displayed morphological features of a species belonging to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. Cultural, morphological, and molecular analyses, including Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, identified the pathogen as C. grevilleae. Pathogenicity tests confirmed C. grevilleae as the causal agent of the disease. This study represents the first global report of C. grevilleae causing leaf blight in D. lutescens and its first occurrence on the American continent. Considering the economic significance of D. lutescens, further research is essential to understand the epidemiology of this emerging disease and to develop sustainable management strategies.

Calonectria theae is distinguished from C. colhounii by perithecial color, number of ascospores in an ascus, longer stipes, longer conidia, and the formation of a second conidial type that is extraordinarily long, angular, and borne on simple, submerged, dichotomously branching conidiophores. Both species were isolated from ohia (Metrosideros collinus), M. excelsus, and sentry palm (Howea forsteriana). C. theae was also isolated from leather leaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) and Strelitzia, while C. colhounii isolates were obtained from Eucalyptus, Leucospermum, and Chrysalidocarpus lutescens. All tested isolates of both Calonectria spp. were pathogenic to ohia, an important native tree species in Hawaiian forests. Both species killed apical shoots, and caused leaf spotting, blighting, and subsequent defoliation. Symptomatically, the diseases caused by these species are indistinguishable on ohia. This disease poses a potential threat to native forests.

The coconut hispine beetle Brontispa longissima (Gestro) supposedly originated in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It is a serious invasive pest of the coconut palm Cocos nucifera L. in Southeast and East Asia. In Japan, it has established itself using Satakentia liukiuensis (Hatushima) H.E. Moore as a main host on Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands where C. nucifera is rare. To assess the probability of further establishment of B. longissima in novel habitats where C. nucifera and S. liukiuensis are not available, we examined the suitability of four common palm species in Japan for oviposition and immature development of B. longissima: Chrysalidocarpus lutescens (Bory) H. Wendl., Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien, S. liukiuensis and Washingtonia filifera (Linden ex André) H. Wendl. When seedlings of the four palm species were placed in pots in an experimental field on Ishigaki Island, all four species were inhabited and infested by wild B. longissima adults. Oviposition and immature development were observed on P. roebelenii and S. liukiuensis but not on C. lutescens and W. filifera. When field‐collected adults were released into mesh bags enclosing the potted seedlings, they oviposited on all four species. The eggs developed into adults on P. roebelenii, S. liukiuensis and W. filifera. On C. lutescens, however, hatched larvae died during the first or second instar.

Spathiphyllum Schott. `Mauna Loa Supreme' and areca palm (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl.) were grown for 6 months in 3.5-liter containers using a pine bark–sedge peat–sand container medium or a native sand soil. Plants were fertilized with equivalent amounts of a 21N–3P–12K fertilizer applied weekly as a liquid, monthly as a soluble granular, bimonthly as a lightly coated controlled-release, or every 6 months as a heavily coated controlled-release fertilizer. All leachates were collected and analyzed weekly for NO3-N, PO4-P, and K. Amounts of all three nutrients leached per week varied considerably in response to fertilizer reapplications or high rainfall. Nitrate leaching generally decreased over time, PO4-P leaching increased, and K remained relatively constant. Shoot dry weights of spathiphyllum were equivalent for all fertilization methods, but areca palm shoot dry weights were highest with liquid fertilization and lowest with the soluble granular fertilizer. Nutrient leaching for all three ions was highest for the soluble granules and lowest for the two controlled-release formulations.