Abstract
Fatty liver (FLD) disease is a consequence of metabolic syndrome, which is a health problem worldwide with a phenomenal rise in prevalence. In this study, two hepatoprotective polysaccharide-peptides were extracted from the mushroom Auricularia polytricha followed by chromatographic fractionation of the extract on the ion exchanger DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex-200 to yield two purified fractions: APPI and APPII. The monosaccharide compositions, FT-IR, N-terminal sequences, internal peptide sequences and molecular weights of the two fractions were determined. Furthermore, their hepatoprotective effect on human hepatoma HepG2 cells in vitro and in an animal model of fatty liver disease was evidenced by the findings that APPI and APPII diminished lipid deposit in cells, blood and the liver, increased cellular antioxidant activity and viability, and protected the liver against injury. The mechanistic study revealed that APPI and APPII activated the adiponectin pathway, up-regulated expression of genes controlling free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation, such as AMPK, CPTl, ACOX1 and PPARα genes, enhanced lipid metabolism, preserved hepatic function, promoted the antioxidant defense system and reduced lipid peroxidation. Hence the bioactive compounds of A. polytricha could serve as therapeutic agents in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Highlights
The liver is an important organ in charge of the metabolism of lipids, glucose, proteins, alcohol, drugs, and chemicals[1]
High performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis disclosed that the weight-average (Mw), number-average (Mn), and z average (Mz) molecular weights and polydispersity ratio (Mw/Mn) of A. polytricha polysaccharide-peptide I (APPI) were 9.213 × 105, 5.568 × 105, 1.057 × 106 and 1.655, while those of A. polytricha polysaccharide-peptide II (APPII) were 6.340 × 105, 7.693 × 104, 9.547 × 105 and 8.241, respectively
The results showed that intracellular TG in APPI and APPII groups was attenuated relative to that in the model group (P < 0.05), as shown in Table 1, which was verified through morphological observation aided by the Oil-red O stain
Summary
The liver is an important organ in charge of the metabolism of lipids, glucose, proteins, alcohol, drugs, and chemicals[1]. It would be highly desirable to devise a management plan to ascertain efficacious natural products for human populations at high risk of developing fatty liver disease in order to forestall or retard the exacerbation of hepatic damage at an early stage. To combat this disease, natural products may have value[11]. The polysaccharides from the fruiting bodies have multiple pharmacological functions with potential for clinical application and are devoid of toxicity and significant side effects. An aqueous extract of fruiting bodies demonstrated hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol in rats[43]. Three anticancer polysaccharides AAPS-1, AAPS-2, and AAPS-3 with molecular weights of 162, 259, and 483 kDa46 and an antimutagenic 930 kDa salt-soluble polysaccharide[47] from A. polytricha have been reported
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