Firm‐Level Impacts of Additional US Tariffs Under Trump 2.0: Evidence From Taiwan

The reputations of primary and secondary tourist destinations are hierarchically created through its value to the nation. Prioritizing a conservation project and tourism development can have major differences. Values attached to a destination by inhabitants are different from those of tourists, and are often influenced by the promotional campaigns designed by authorized agencies. A primary destination is then worthy of promotion and conservation as it serves a nation's purposes economically, socially and politically, while a destination that is not corresponding in such ways is usually disregarded. Koh Kret is an established primary tourism destination for domestic visitors, though not for international visitors. However, the Baan Lao Community can be developed as a secondary tourism destination for visitors to Koh Kret. Koh Kret and Baan Lao Community in Thailand are illustrations of significance and value. By understanding the Baan Lao community's significance, value and values, it is an opportunity to develop the area as a secondary tourist destination, and help preserve the way of life of local inhabitants along the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok, Thailand.

Outage analysis of cognitive inspired NOMA networks in the presence of imperfect SIC, CCI, and non-ID fading channels

Cognitive radio (CR) intelligently adapts particular transmission or reception parameter by sensing the environment. It has received great attention recently for its ability to improve spectrum efficiency by enabling secondary users to access spectrum resource, when it is being unoccupied by primary users. In this paper, spatial modulation technique is employed in overlay cognitive radio networks, in which the primary and secondary networks share the same spectrum band. In CR system model, the direct link between the primary transmitter and receiver is not available along with the Cognitive Radio transmitter assists the primary network as a relay to Decode-and-forward (DF) the transmitted symbols of the primary. Spatial modulation is used in the secondary transmitter to split the transmission space into two data in spatial domains. The secondary transmitter retransmits the primary symbols, while its own information is transmitted by the index of transmitting antenna, similar to space shift keying, without causing any interference to the primary receiver. Outage probability of the spatial modulation in cognitive radio networks is improved by using Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) at the cognitive transmitter and Maximal Ratio Combiner (MRC) at the primary destination and cognitive destination. A closed form of outage probability expression is derived for primary and secondary destinations. Analytical simulations are also carried out in MATLAB software.

This study presents ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) network as a concept of "modulation in the air" that has drawn growing interest by both academia and industry recently. In particular, we investigate and analyze an AmBC system relying on cognitive radio, where the primary destination is equipped with multiple antennas and maximum ratio combining (MRC). A wireless powered relay is necessary to serve both primary and secondary destinations. Benefiting from the surrounding radio frequency (RF) source, the relay can support the backscattering signal. To facilitate the performance analysis of received nodes, this study presents exact closed-form expressions of the outage probability. For comparison, the outage and throughput performance of these nodes are considered in numerical simulation. Taking advantage of the AmBC technology, the impact of the backscatter ratio on system performance is carefully studied considering various other parameters. Simulation results demonstrate the exactness of the derived outage probabilities and show that the optimal throughput performance can be achieved at specific parameters.

Managing overtourism in collaboration: The case of ‘From Capital City to Court City’, a tourism redistribution policy project between Amsterdam and The Hague

This paper proposes a joint clustering relay selection and beamforming method for a more realistic cooperative cognitive radio network, in which a secondary network of multiple secondary links and a relay network coexist with a primary network of one primary link. We aim to improve performance of the system in terms of maximizing the received signal power of the secondary destinations, subject to the constraint of received interference plus noise power of the primary destination using the proposed method. Since different relays cooperate differently towards the signals at the secondary and primary destinations, the proposed method can improve the performance of the system and enables the relay network to simultaneously transmit signals of all secondary links toward the destinations by clustering the relays. Results of simulations confirm validity of the method and improve the system performance compared to the existing cooperative beamforming and Zero-Forcing beamforming, in which no relay selection strategy is used.

One of the instruments in strategic planning and management of protected areas (PAs) is zoning. Changes in protection regimes for PAs occurred in the legal grounds for nature conservation in Serbia during 2009-2015. As a result of these changes difficulties in overcoming the conflicting interests between protection and development of PAs in the process of strategic planning, namely spatial planning and sectoral planning for nature conservation, have occurred. This was especially evident in the preparation of spatial plans for special purpose areas in the case of PAs which are the primary tourism destinations. in this paper the brief overview of the changing role of zoning in strategic planning and management of PAs is presented. This is the starting point for the analysis of the zoning in legal grounds and strategic planning for PAs in Serbia. This analysis is conducted at the case of Sara National Park and primary tourism destination. Based on the results of this analysis, the recommendations for the review and improvement of legal grounds and strategic planning - spatial and sectoral planning for PAs in Serbia are given.

Applying a computable general equilibrium model to assess the impact of tariffs between the US and China, Taiwan stands to gain from trade diversion of the trade war between the two largest world economies in the short term.Initially, Taiwan suffered a minor loss from the sector-specific tariff on steel and aluminum imposed by the US. However, its loss is mitigated after counting counter measures from foreign countries. The cumulated US tariffs and China's retaliations led to trade diversion effect. Taiwan's initial loss from the steel and aluminum tariffs was over compensated by a series of trade war between the US and China.Under the scenario of the cumulated tariffs of $250 billion of US imports and China's retaliations of $110 billion on US goods, the social welfare, exports, import and trade balance in Taiwan increased. Its terms of trade improved as well. Real wage increases slightly more for unskilled labor than for skilled labor. The short-term effect of the trade war has positive effect on all macro indicators of Taiwan's economy.On sectoral shift, Taiwan's export will gain the most in precision engineering products ($2,941.6 million), followed by electronics ($310.7 million) and agricultural products ($31.3 million). The negative effects are in sectors such as business services ($58.323 million), other services ($46.9 million), transportation service ($36.6 million), trade service ($25.3 million), and finance service ($24.5 million). Taiwan's total imports will increase by 0.59%, whereas its total export will increase by 0.33%. However, total trade balance still increases by $451.1 million.The study also finds that Taiwan has a high degree of overlapping export commodities with China in the US market, much higher than most major trading partners for the US, yet its market share for those products in the US is ranged from 1% to 5% only. Moreover, more than 60% of Taiwan's export to the US is in intermediate goods which have less product differentiation than those in final consumption goods. These two factors will provide an opportunity for Taiwan to exploit the US market.Though the short-term effect of trade war is positive, Taiwan needs to have a long-range planning amid the external shocks. Policy implications for Taiwan are to map out a cosmopolitan view of its geo-strategy by diversifying outward foreign direct investment and trade destinations. It needs to reduce the “systemic risk” of relying on single market in China which is vulnerable to the uncertainty in the US–China relations. If the trade war lasts too long, Taiwan would need to reevaluate its triangular trade-investment nexus with China and the US as well as its role in the global supply chain.

This study uses three types of data to quantify the impact of Trump 2.0 in Thailand. First, using product‐level trade data from January 2023 to July 2025, we show that the additional US tariffs have significantly decreased exports of automobiles and some steel/aluminum products to the US. In contrast, exports of auto parts and other items subject to additional tariffs do not change significantly. Second, using industry‐level production data from the same period, we show that the additional US tariffs do not significantly change capacity utilization, while firms appear to be gradually reducing their inventory levels. Finally, using firm‐level export data for the US market in 2024 and 2025 (from January to July), we find that firms importing from China or Chinese firms in Thailand improved their export ranking in the US in 2025. In sum, the impact of US tariffs is currently minimal.

After 1980, the Taiwanese economy was marked by technological change, growing overseas investment by Taiwanese firms, and continuing success with export-oriented manufacturing. In the manufacturing sector these developments coincided with a decline in women's employment opportunities relative to men's, a shift from wage to salaried employment, and an increase in gender wage inequality. Using industry-level panel data, this study investigates the effects of Taiwan's restructuring during this period on gender wage inequality. The most important findings are: greater export orientation adversely affects both men's and women's wages yet reduces gender wage inequality, because male employees face a greater wage penalty than women; greater capital intensity improves both men's and women's wages; and the shift toward salaried jobs improves men's wages while reducing wages of women. These results hold after controlling for the effects of female industrial crowding, female reserve labor supply, firm size, and overseas foreign direct investment.

We combine Danish data on individuals’ health with Danish matched worker-firm data, and find: One, within job spells, as firm sales increases, workers log longer hours and experience higher probabilities of stress and depression, and heart diseases and strokes; Two, the effects of firm sales on adverse health outcomes are more pronounced for high-risk groups: older workers, job-strained workers, and those with long initial work hours; Three, the worker cohorts who experience large sales increases develop higher risks of sickness in subsequent quarters. These novel results suggest that work demand increases individuals’ workplace stress and elevates their sickness risk. We then compute the marginal disutility of our sickness variables, and show that the average worker’s ex-ante welfare loss due to higher sickness rates accounts for nearly one quarter of her earnings gains from rising firm sales.

Outage analysis of cooperative NOMA based hybrid cognitive radio system with channel estimation errors

This study uses a qualitative research method, This study is descriptive, and the methods used in this study use various methods, starting from collecting data related to the object of research, data analysis, and the data obtained is analyzed and interpreted into written form. So in this study, the qualitative method will be the basis for explaining Donald Trump's policy in raising import tariffs. Donald Trump is the 45th president of the United States who won over his rival Hillary Clinton from the Democrats in the United States presidential election. The economic policy of the United States during the Trump era is Protectionism, President Trump has made tariffs the mainstay of his economic strategy. He restored America's trade balance, reducing the gap between how much the US buys from other countries and how much the US sells to other countries. Trump has announced a series of new tariffs that include base tariffs for all countries as well as additional tariffs of varying amounts for each country. the impact of US tariffs on international trade: geopolitical changes and business opportunities, the impact of US tariffs on the global economy, geopolitics and the formation of new alliances, geopolitics and the formation of new alliances.

Despite the “Phase One Deal” agreed on mid-December 2019, bilateral tariffs between US and China remain at unprecedented high levels, which will have long-lasting effects. US tariffs remain very high on parts, components and other intermediate products; similarly, only the last wave of Chinese retaliatory tariffs has been half cut. We investigate in this paper how such tensions between highly interdependent economies will impact trade, income and jobs. We rely on a set-up featuring General Equilibrium, imperfect competition and importantly differentiating demand of goods according to their use, for final or intermediate consumption. This authorizes tracing the impact of protection along the value chains, on prices, value added and factor income. Additional tariffs from official lists are taken into account at the tariff line level, before being aggregated within sectors. Beyond the direct toll of sanctions, US exports to the world post a sizeable decrease as a result of reduced competitiveness led by vertical linkages along the value chains. Because of the tariffs in place as of February 2020, three quarters of the sectors decrease their value added in the US. Consistent with political economy determinants, these twists of value added are transmitted to production factors, leading to sizeable creation and destruction of jobs, and reallocation of capital to the benefit of protected sectors, mostly at the expense of their clients. Ultimately, this paper sheds light on the economic consequences of policies disrupting global value chains.

Significance The mutual imposition of tariffs and other trade barriers between China and United States will have a significant impact on many East and South-east Asian economies. Taiwan is especially vulnerable, given its high degree of trade dependence and the close integration of its economy with China's. Impacts US tariffs could reduce Taiwan's annual GDP growth by an estimated 1 percentage point or more. Domestic interest groups -- both businesses and reformers -- can cite the potential damage to promote their interests and agendas. If US tariffs look likely to become permanent, this will encourage Taiwanese firms to relocate back to Taiwan from China.