Abstract
Cracks in stepped and continuously graded material specimens under flexural loading were investigated via finite element analysis. Calculation of mechanical energy release rates and propagation angles with crack-opening displacement correlation and the local symmetry ( K II = 0) criterion, respectively, provided results most efficiently and accurately, as compared with compliance and J-integral approaches and other deflection criteria. A routine was developed for automatic crack extension and remeshing, enabling simulation of incremental crack propagation. Effects of gradient profile and crack geometry on crack-tip stresses and crack propagation path are examined, and implications of these for optimal design of graded components against failure by fast fracture are discussed.
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