Finite branch solutions to Painlevé VI around a fixed singular point

Abstract

Every finite branch local solution to the sixth Painlevé equation around a fixed singular point is an algebraic branch solution. In particular a global solution is an algebraic solution if and only if it is finitely many-valued globally. The proof of this result relies on algebraic geometry of Painlevé VI, Riemann–Hilbert correspondence, geometry and dynamics on cubic surfaces, resolutions of Kleinian singularities, and power geometry of algebraic differential equations. In the course of the proof we are also able to classify all finite branch solutions up to Bäcklund transformations.