Abstract
Filters for aerosols and for particles in liquids work by three similar mechanical processes but, in each, the range of particle size over which the mechanism is effective differs from air to liquid; there are also substantial differences in the ways in which electrical forces act. The design of air filters has followed various routes dictated by practical needs. Apart from cleaning air there are other situations in which an understanding of particle deposition is essential, not on filter elements but in machinery, on aircraft, on water droplets in nature and in industrial situations, on plants and vegetation and in the respiratory tract. The basic processes are the same as those operating in filters but fluid mechanical factors are often very different. Particle transport, which is a generalization of filter penetration by aerosols, is of wide significance on a global scale.
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