Abstract
Investigations and theoretical considerations show that it is impossible to design a filter type that is at the same time ideal for observing short-lasting acoustic phenomena like heart sounds as well as long-lasting acoustic phenomena like murmurs. It is shown that this impossibility is related to the selective properties and transient response of the filters. The use of high-pass filters having a low cut-off frequency, with gradual slopes of attenuation, and high cut-off frequency filters with a steep slope of attenuation, is advocated for phono-cardiography. Recently, cardiologists have expressed interest in the implications of using the various types of filters. In this paper, gain-frequency and transient responses of a number of typical filters are compared. The analytical procedure for obtaining the responses is briefly introduced.
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