Abstract
Mass parenteral vaccination remains the cornerstone of dog rabies control. Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) could increase vaccination coverage where free-roaming dogs represent a sizeable segment of the population at risk. ORV’s success is dependent on the acceptance of baits that release an efficacious vaccine into the oral cavity. A new egg-flavored bait was tested alongside boiled bovine intestine and a commercially available fishmeal bait using a hand-out model on the Navajo Nation, United States, during June 2016. A PVC capsule and biodegradable sachet were tested, and had no effect on bait acceptance. The intestine baits had the highest acceptance (91.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 83.9–96.7%), but the fishmeal (81.1%; 95% CI, 71.5–88.6%) and the egg-flavored baits (77.4%; 95% CI, 72.4–81.8%) were also well accepted, suggesting that local bait preference studies may be warranted to enhance ORV’s success in other areas where canine rabies is being managed. Based on a dyed water marker, the delivery of a placebo vaccine was best in the intestine baits (75.4%; 95% CI, 63.5–84.9%), followed by the egg-flavored (68.0%; 95% CI, 62.4–73.2%) and fishmeal (54.3%; 95% CI, 42.9–65.4%) baits. Acceptance was not influenced by the supervision or ownership, or sex, age, and body condition of the dogs. This study illustrates that a portion of a dog population may be orally vaccinated as a complement to parenteral vaccination to achieve the immune thresholds required to eliminate dog rabies.
Highlights
Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) account for approximately 95% of all rabies cases reported worldwide, and they are responsible for most human cases
A total of 507 data sets was used for analysis, it was not always possible to fill out the complete form
If no data was available for a specific parameter investigated, the data set was not included in the analysis for that parameter
Summary
Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) account for approximately 95% of all rabies cases reported worldwide, and they are responsible for most human cases. WThseulcocwesssuraccteesosfrtahtee fiosfhthmeefailshbmaitesawl baasitpsrwedaosmpirneadnotmlyincaaunstleydcbayustehde bbylisttheer blister type; using the hard PVC capsule, only 55.6% (95% CI, 38.1%–72.1%) of the dogs that accepted the bait were considered vaccinated, while for the sachet this percentage was 85.7% Bergman et al [16] tested four different commercially available bait matrices, and found that the bait acceptance of free-roaming dogs in the Navajo Nation fluctuated between 56.5% and 84.5%.
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