Abstract
The field experiment was carried out to evaluate the management of tomato (Roma-VF) and potato (Guddeni) late blight using a new fungicide, Victory 72 WP and Ridomil gold to select the more effective dosage of the new fungicide option against potato and tomato late blight under field conditions at Toke Kutaye district of West Shoa, Ethiopia, during the main cropping season in 2012. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Two types of fungicide applications (Ridomil gold and Victory 72 WP) in weekly intervals were established and unsprayed plot was used as a control. Late blight infection was prevalent in the experimental year, and a significant amount of disease was detected (P<0.05). Application of fungicide treatments considerably reduced late blight progress, with a corresponding increase in tuber and fruit yields of potato and tomato, respectively. Significant differences were observed among treatments in potato and tomato plants in terms of disease severity (DS), area under disease progressive curve (AUDPC), disease progressive rate (r). Among the different treatments, Victory 72 WP fungicide treated potato and tomato plants recorded the lowest DS, AUDPC, disease progressive rate. Based on late blight disease occurrence, application of Victory 72 WP fungicide significantly reduced disease development and increased tuber and fruit yield in both potato and tomato crops, respectively as compared to the Ridomil gold fungicide applications. This is an indication of the reliability and promise as well as the exhibition of great potential of the Victory 72 WP is the effective control of the late blight of potato and tomato in Toke Kutaye district of West Shoa, Ethiopia.
Highlights
Like many other countries in the world, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crops are very important food and cash crops especially on the highland and mid altitude areas of Ethiopia [1]
Severity of late blight was recorded on the basis of 1-6 rating scales as described by Gwary and Nahunnaro [13]. where scale 1=trace to 20% leaf infection, 2=21-40% leaf infection, 3=41-60% infection, 4=61-80 infection, 5=81-99% infection, 6=100% leaf infection or the entire plant defoliation and the rating scales were converted into percentage severity index (PSI) for the analysis of disease severity using the following formula: The soil of the experimental site is light red in color, clay loam= in texture Percentage Severity Index
Minimum initial percent disease incidence was observed in Ridomil gold and Victory 72 WP treated potato plants with the mean values of 18 and 20.0% and in tomato plants with the mean values of 20 and 20%, respectively
Summary
Like many other countries in the world, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crops are very important food and cash crops especially on the highland and mid altitude areas of Ethiopia [1]. Ethiopia's potato area had grown to 160,000 ha, with average yields around 9 tons/ha. In Ethiopia, the total area under production reaches 51,698 hectares and annual production is estimated to be more than 230,000 tons [3]. The national average of tomato fruit yield in Ethiopia is very low (7 tons/ha) compared even to the neighboring African countries like Kenya (16.4 tons/ha) and less than 50% of the current world average yield of 27 tons/ha [3]. Current productivity under farmers’ condition in Ethiopia is 9 tons/ha whereas yield up to 40 tons/ha recorded on research plots [4]
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