Abstract
Wheat is one of the world's foremost crops where its production is growing yearly. However, the emerged virulent stripe rust races at one point of the world spread to the rest of wheat producing countries by wind as well as human travels and damaged popular resistant wheat cultivars thereby posed food insecurity. This study was carried out with the aim to identify possible sources of stripe rust resistance among Ethiopian bread wheat pipelines for durable resistance breeding. Twenty-eight advanced bread wheat pipelines, local susceptible and resistant check cultivars Kubsa and Wane respectively were field tested in randomized complete block design with three replications across two stripe rust hot-spot locations for their slow rusting characteristics. Slow rusting resistance at the adult-plant stage was assessed through the determination of final rust severity (FRS), average coefficient of infection (ACI), and relative area under disease progressive curve (rAUDPC). Among the twenty-eight, 24, 2 and 2 genotypes displayed high, moderate and low level of slow rusting over two locations respectively. The results revealed that wheat lines, ETBW- 8858, ETBW-8870, ETBW-8583, ETBW-8668, ETBW-8595, ETBW-8684, ETBW-9548, ETBW-9549, ETBW-9552, ETBW-9554, ETBW-9558, ETBW-9559, ETBW-9560, ETBW-875, ETBW-8802, ETBW-8862, ETBW-8804, ETBW-8896, ETBW-9556, ETBW-9557, ETBW-8991, ETBW-9486, ETBW-9556 and ETBW-9561 had low values of FRS, ACI and rAUDPC and were regarded as good slow rusting lines. Strong positive correlations were observed between different parameters of slow rusting. As compared with susceptible, resistant check variety and other test lines, three lines namely. ETBW-8684; ETBW-9558 and ETBW-8751 are high yielders and could be released for production. Twenty-four lines with high and moderate levels of slow rusting and expected to possess both major and minor resistance genes could be used for durable stripe rust resistance breeding in wheat. Nevertheless, the exact resistant genes contented in suggested lines shall be confirmed through seedling phenotyping and molecular approaches.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major cereal crops in the world in terms of area of production and quantity of production [1]
Despite the large area under wheat, average yield in Ethiopia is projected around 2.97 t ha-1that is far less than potential yields of 8 to 10 t ha-1 [3]
According to [28], final rust severity signifies the collective result of all resistance factors during the progress of epidemics
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major cereal crops in the world in terms of area of production and quantity of production [1]. The current total area devoted to wheat production in Ethiopia is estimated to be over 1.6 million hectare [3]. Wheat production is hindered by several factors of these low productivity is partially attributed to the prevalence of wheat rust diseases, deficient in durable resistant variety. Stripe rustis a globally, in more than 60 countries [4, 5] continue to cause losses, often major in various parts of the world [6] and are current threats to world food security [7]
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