Abstract
In studies presented in the literature, relationships between music and mathematics can sometimes be observed. Leonardo Fibonacci (1170-1250) is well known with the Fibonacci Sequence used to identify numbers in various music elements. In related studies, these numbers have been used to demonstrate the existence of the ‘Golden Ratio’ using methods and theories borrowed from the components of music. Nevertheless, this relationship has subsequently been seen inaccurate. The selected works from Chopin, Mozart, Beethoven and Bartók have previously been used to study the Fibonacci Sequence and Golden Ratio, and these works are discussed in this paper in the context of musical and mathematical theories. For musical works that allegedly used the Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio, we examined the measure or rhythms (sound duration)within these works; we found these studies yielded values close to the terms of the Fibonacci Sequence, and the determined values of the Golden Ratio were 0.618, 1.618, and 0.382. It was determined that the accuracy of the Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio expressed in selected works of European art music are controversial within the framework of relevant studies.
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