Fiber Technology and Its Application in the Modern Society

Abstract

The optical fiber refers to the waveguide and the technology associated with the transmission of information as light pulses along with a glass or plastic fiber. This technology is very useful for long-distance and high-performance data networking. There are three basic elements in an optical fiber cable such as core, cladding, and coating. The overall size of the fiber is determined by the outer diameters of its core, cladding, and coating. However, generally, the size of the fiber is estimated to be slightly thicker than a human hair. Light travels in an optical fiber cable by bouncing repeatedly on the walls of the core. Light gets incident on the medium of lower refractive index, the ray is bent away from the normal, so the exit angle is greater than the incident angle. Such reflection is commonly called “internal reflection”. The minimum value of angle of an incident at which the angle of refraction will then approach 90° is called critical angle θc, and for incident angles greater than the critical angle there will be the total internal reflection. This article has been reported the definition of fiber optic, types, working principle and important applications in different areas.