Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are acommon cause of acongenital developmental disability acquired in the womb due to alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. The physical and mental consequences persist into adulthood. The 4‑digit code is an evidence-based method for diagnosing the full spectrum of outcomes, i.e. the full picture of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), partial fetal alcohol syndrome (pFAS), alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) and alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD). The four key diagnostic features are (1)growth disorder, (2)facial dysmorphia, (3)central nervous system (CNS) structural and functional abnormalities and (4)prenatal alcohol exposure. Even if the disorder cannot be cured, supportive therapeutic interventions can improve the quality of life and independence and psychiatric comorbidities can be treated.
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