Abstract
A ferromagnetic system which has an external magnetization that is intrinsically zero is an interesting and unusual type of magnet. The rare earth ion Sm 3 + provides a basis for building such a system, having the property that its spin and orbital moments are both close to 4 μ B . Antiparallel coupling of these moments by spin–orbit interaction leads to a very small resultant moment that is either parallel or antiparallel to the spin moment of the ion, depending on the exact balance. By doping Gd into the ferromagnet SmAl 2 ( T c = 125 K ) an experimental realization of a zero magnetization ferromagnet can be produced, with exactly zero magnetization occurring at temperature T comp . Zero-field muon spin relaxation measurements have been made on single crystal and polycrystalline samples of the Sm 1 - x Gd x Al 2 system and for all the compositions studied an extremely sharp transition into the ferromagnetic state was observed. Muon spin precession was seen in the magnetically ordered state of the Sm compounds and anomalies in the relaxation were observed around T comp , reflecting the unusual nature of this magnetic state.
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