Abstract
(1) Background: Specific foods, and more particularly, fermentable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) are often considered as triggers of digestive symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to study FODMAP consumption in controls and IBS participants in a large French population-based cohort; (2) Methods: Participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort study completed the Rome IV and IBS-SSS questionnaire in a cross sectional study. Among them, 27,949 eligible participants had previously completed three 24-h recalls as well as anthropometrics, socio-demographical and lifestyle data. Total FODMAP intake (in g/day) was computed using a specific composition table. The association between FODMAPs and IBS was estimated through multivariable logistic regression models; (3) Results: Included participants were mainly women (75.4%) and the mean age was 43.4 ± 14.1 years. FODMAPs accounted for a mean daily intake of 19.4 ± 9.5 g/day. Overall 1295 participants (4.6%) were identified with an IBS. After adjusting for confounding factors, IBS participants had lower intakes in FODMAPs than non-IBS ones (aOR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82–0.95, p-value: 0.001). IBS severity was associated with more frequent low FODMAP intakes (<9 g/day); (4) Conclusions: Participants tended to consume 19 g of FODMAPs per day, but slightly less for IBS participants than for controls. In IBS participants, higher severity was associated with lower intakes.
Highlights
Fermentable oligo, di, and mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) are short chain carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract [1]
Several clinical trials have suggested that a low FODMAP diet (LFD) may be associated with a reduction in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms [5,17,18,19,20,21]
The results were similar, with an association between FODMAP consumption and IBS
Summary
Fermentable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) are short chain carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract [1]. They include fructose in excess of glucose, lactose, fructans, galacto-oligo-saccharides (GOS) and polyols. 6–11% of the general population depending on the diagnostic criteria [6,7,8] On this point, the Rome foundation recently updated the criteria used to diagnose IBS with the Rome IV criteria [9,10]. Several clinical trials have suggested that a low FODMAP diet (LFD) may be associated with a reduction in IBS symptoms [5,17,18,19,20,21]
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