Abstract
Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), the most traditional magnetic nanoparticles, have received a great deal of attention in the biomedical field, especially for targeted drug/gene delivery systems, due to their outstanding magnetism, biocompatibility, lower toxicity, biodegradability, and other features. Naked Fe3O4 NPs are easy to aggregate and oxidize, and thus are often made with various coatings to realize superior properties for targeted drug/gene delivery. In this review, we first list the three commonly utilized synthesis methods of Fe3O4 NPs, and their advantages and disadvantages. In the second part, we describe coating materials that exhibit noticeable features that allow functionalization of Fe3O4 NPs and summarize their methods of drug targeting/gene delivery. Then our efforts will be devoted to the research status and progress of several different functionalized Fe3O4 NP delivery systems loaded with chemotherapeutic agents, and we present targeted gene transitive carriers in detail. In the following section, we illuminate the most effective treatment systems of the combined drug and gene therapy. Finally, we propose opportunities and challenges of the clinical transformation of Fe3O4 NPs targeting drug/gene delivery systems.
Highlights
Targeted drug/gene delivery refers to nanocarriers carrying drugs/genes to organs, tissues, and cells through local or systemic blood circulation, which allows the drugs/genes to directly act on the targeted disease sites, accompanied by the generation of curative effects
The results show that the drug-loading capacity of 20-layer core-shell spheres for ibuprofen was better than 10 layers with the same graphene oxide (GO) content, implying that the drug-loading capacity could be optimized by tuning the shell thickness
A simple, low-energy, and environmentally friendly method for the preparation of advanced carbon-coated material is proposed in this study, and other coating materials could be employed to further function on the thermolysis method to synthesize a porous carbon-coated magnetic Fe3 O4 NP nanocomposite and investigated its application to fluorescent sensing for DNA detection [95]
Summary
Targeted drug/gene delivery refers to nanocarriers carrying drugs/genes to organs, tissues, and cells through local or systemic blood circulation, which allows the drugs/genes to directly act on the targeted disease sites, accompanied by the generation of curative effects This selective administration boosts therapeutic molecule activity at targeted sites, while reducing toxic side effects at non-disease sites, keeping the systemic effect at a minimal level. The use of nanoparticles as carrier systems for drugs or other bioactive therapeutic molecules has been investigated with the aim of improving the therapeutic effect and administration of the loaded agents and reducing their side effects Among these nanoparticles, Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (NPs) are used extensively in various fields, including biotechnology [9], biosensing [10], catalysis [11], magnetic fluids [12], separation techniques [13], energy storage [14], and environmental modification [15]. We describe targeted drug and gene co-delivery systems to attain the most powerful combined therapy
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