Female Breadwinners and the Shifting Paradigm of Family Livelihoods in Indonesia: A Double Movement Approach

This paper discusses one of the Muslim intellectuals who played a major role in the development of the interpretation of the Koran, namely Fazlur Rahman. He is known for his theory of interpretation of the Koran which is called the double movement theory. This theory is interesting to discuss because it is a form of renewal of the methodology of interpreting the Koran in the modern era. So in this paper will be presented the definition of the theory and also how it is applied in life. Fazlur Rahman himself received religious education from an early age from his father and continued his studies to become a professor in the field of Islamic thought. This double movement theory has two movements, namely first by starting from looking at contemporary times towards the time when the Qur'an was revealed, then the second movement returns to the present. In general, this movement has a combination pattern of induction and deduction reasoning. This paper uses the method of analytical description of sources related to the research theme. So it can be concluded that the theory of the double movement is said to be relevant for use in the modern era where the meaning of the Koran becomes contextual and applicable. So that we are no longer trapped in the meaning of the Koran which is only textual. So it is hoped that in the future new contemporary interpretations of the Qur'an will emerge from this double movement theory.

Kafā’ah is a marriage law that has relatively little attention from Islamic jurists. This is because kafā’ah is less adaptable to changes in people's lives. Because kafā’ah is identical with the Arab cultural heritage before Islam. But factually this kafā’ah is still a legacy in the books of the fuqaha'. This research is focused on revealing the relevance of the concept of the kafā’ah of the fuqaha' with the changing times of the modern era. As well as how to contextualize the concept of kafā’ah in this modern era so that it truly becomes a path to family harmony. In uncovering the problem, the double movement theory or Fadzlurrahman dual interpretation is used, in which this interpretation becomes the knife of analysis by revealing how the current condition of the kafā’ah is then drawn to the kafā’ah of the past and how the response of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Then the moral values of the Qur'an and the Sunnah are taken using reasoning ratios so that conclusions can be drawn in accordance with current needs. The conclusion of this research is that the concept of kafā’ah in the book of fiqh is not relevant to the needs of this modern era, where kafā’ah in the modern era is more interpreted in terms of equality and ability (competence) to get married, which is different from the kafā’ah of the past which is more nuanced feudalistic.

Even though the phenomenon of female family support may not be entirely new in Africa, breadwinning is the primary role of men in most African societies. However, as more women get education and enter paid employment, and some men lose jobs, traditional breadwinning roles are challenged and, sometimes, inverted as growing numbers of women become family breadwinners. Female breadwinning may not be without implications for family stability, however, as it confronts instituted normative gender order in patriarchal societies. While female breadwinners are increasingly common in industrialized societies, and literature exists on their trajectories in such contexts, more recent works are needed in Africa, particularly Nigeria. This article, therefore, examines the nexus of female breadwinning and family stability in Nigeria. This article is an important one on a growing phenomenon in Africa resulting from urbanization, industrialization and economic crises in certain regions of the continent. Guided by modernization and patriarchy theories, the study relied on qualitative method of data collection. Twenty in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted in contexts of female breadwinning families. Data were analysed and presented as interpretive narratives. An interesting relationship was found between female breadwinning and family stability in the setting. Generational influences and associated outcomes were also found and presented in this article.

According to work-family conflict (WFC) theory, fathers in full-time employment are in better health than jobless/part-time fathers across institutional contexts in Europe, while mothers in full-time employment are in worse health than jobless/part-time mothers in countries with insufficient institutional support, but in better health elsewhere. In this paper we test whether “couple-level work arrangements” (dual earner, male breadwinner, female breadwinner) also matter today for mothers’ and fathers’ health, on top of their individual work situation, leading to some departures from WFC predictions. As dual earner (DE) families become more widespread, the male breadwinner (MB) arrangement may have become less attractive across contexts, leading to negative selection into such arrangements and worse health for mothers in conservative contexts and perhaps for fathers in progressive contexts. Concomitantly, the female breadwinner (FB) family model, while gaining in numerical weight, may encounter forms of societal resistance in more conservative settings, negatively affecting mothers’ double burden and health compared to DE mothers. Using European Social Survey data (2004–2018, 31 countries), we compare the self-rated health of mothers and fathers (with children below age 13) in DE, MB and FB couples across different welfare state contexts, controlling for income. We find, as expected, that MB mothers nowadays rarely exhibit a health advantage, even in less supportive institutional contexts in Europe; on the other hand, there is still no health disadvantage for fathers in MB families, even in more progressive countries. FB mothers are in worse health than DE mothers only in Eastern European countries. These results are robust to various specifications regarding couple-level work arrangement categories, country typology, or sample used.

<p><em>Fazlur Rahman, a leading Islamic thinker of the 20th century, proposed the concept of double movement as an important structure for analyzing the relationship between tradition and modernity in Islamic thought. The term “double movement” reflects Rahman's theory that the evolution of Islamic society included two fundamental movements. This type of research is qualitative research, using library research methods or also called literature review research with a character study approach. Fazlur Rahman's concept of double movement encapsulates the belief that the understanding and interpretation of Islamic teachings must occur in two areas: The First implies a commitment to the written sources and essential doctrines of Islam, while the Second movement represents the rapid adaptation of these teachings into everyday life. day. This theoretical picture stems from a critique of static interpretations of religious texts, which are believed to fall into dogmatism and ignore the experiences of individuals and society. The dual movement theory tries to align Islamic teachings with the needs of contemporary life. The double movement, as articulated by Fazlur Rahman, serves as an important structure for understanding the relationship between traditional texts and contemporary social challenges.</em></p>

Positivism and empiricism are modern paradigms become the basic guidelines for the schools of legal philosophy, namely legal positivism and legal realism. However, the current condition in Indonesia is dominated by the paradigm of legal positivism so that everything must be by written law. The practice of inheritance division that is always based on the concept of 2:1 as in the Compilation of Islamic Law is felt to be incompatible with community justice. The purpose of this research is to enrich the study of the positivism and empiricism paradigms as a renewal of Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia. The benefit of this research is to inform that the integration of positivism and empiricism in law will produce competent law enforcement. This research is a normative research with a conceptual approach and data sources in the form of literature and data analysis techniques, namely evaluation. The results of this research are; (1) The factor that causes judges in Indonesia to use the judicial restraint approach excessively as a characteristic of legal positivism is the legal culture of the application of the civil law legal system. (2) The solution to the problem offered is to borrow Fazlur Rahman's double movement theory, namely historical contextualisation by taking universal values from the norm. Therefore, it is time for judges to be free to move to realize moral justice within the limits set by the Constitution and the Law on Judicial Power.

This article discusses the evolution and transformation of moral philosophy in the context of Islamic education. By tracing the historical course and development of moral conceptions in Islamic teachings, this article highlights significant changes in the approach to morality in Islamic education over time. From classical traditions to contemporary times, there has been a shift in thinking that influences the way morals are taught and understood within the framework of Islamic education. This research usedlibrary research, the method used is literature study. Literature research is research that examines different reference books, and the results of previous similar research help in obtaining a theoretical basis for the problem under study. In addition, focus is given to how universal values ​​in Islamic teachings such as justice, compassion, ethics and integrity are reinterpreted in the context of modern education, as well as how this influences the formation of the character and morals of future generations.By combining historical perspectives, philosophical analysis, and contemporary interpretation, this article aims to provide a deeper understanding of how moral philosophy in Islamic education has transformed over time and how it is relevant in facing moral challenges in the modern era

The study of the Koran from a contextual point of view continues to grow. One of the offers that has been continuously studied and applied is the double movement theory initiated by Fazlur Rahman and developed by Abdullah Saeed. The double movement theory emphasizes the socio-historical context of the Koran and the present. To bridge the two periods, a researcher must sensitively take the meaning of the verse being studied or what is called the moral ideal. Thus, the meaning of the purpose of the revelation of the Qur'anic verse will continue to be conveyed at any time. The object of the application of the double movement is indeed law verses, so as to produce a moral ideal that is real or concrete. However, in this study, the researcher found that double movement not only produces concrete moral ideals, but also transcendental ones. The verse studied is the verse of war, surah al-Anfāl verse 17. So that, the result is that the moral ideal which is concrete from this verse is that it is permissible and even required to take the path of war if it is in an emergency and is depressed. For example, there is pressure, discrimination and so on that cause torture. And, the transcendental moral ideal is that there must be an attitude of tawakal and endeavor from every Muslim. That Allah can make real what is considered impossible by humans.

The Qur’an contains not only spiritual and theological values but also ethical and legal principles aimed at building a just and civilized society. However, traditional approaches to interpreting legal verses of the Qur’an tend to be literalist, atomistic, and insufficiently responsive to complex social transformations. This condition highlights the urgent need for methodological renewal in interpreting the Qur’an’s ethical-legal messages to ensure their continued relevance in contemporary contexts. This study aims to examine in depth the ethical-legal interpretive paradigm of the Qur’an in the thought of Fazlur Rahman, a prominent modernist Muslim thinker who offers a moral-conceptual approach through his Double Movement Theory. The research focuses on three main aspects: (1) Fazlur Rahman’s paradigm of ethical-legal Qur’anic interpretation, (2) his critique of traditional Islamic exegesis, and (3) the implications of his ideas for the development of contemporary Islamic legal thought. This study employs a qualitative library research method using content analysis of Fazlur Rahman’s primary works and relevant secondary literature. The distinction of this study lies in its emphasis on the ethical-legal dimension of Qur’anic interpretation, a topic that has rarely been systematically explored. Its novelty lies in the integration of the Double Movement Theory within the framework of ethical-legal interpretation that is responsive to social justice values and the dynamics of modern life. The findings demonstrate that Rahman’s approach enables a reconstruction of Islamic legal hermeneutics to become more contextual, humanistic, and rooted in the Qur’an’s universal moral values. This study affirms the importance of a dynamic ethical-legal interpretive paradigm as a foundational basis for developing Islamic legal thought that remains adaptive and relevant to the challenges of the modern era.

Various economic surveys from international financial institutions say, starting the year 2023 and year beyond, many countries are threatened by recession (economic slowdown), including Indonesia. Therefore, people must prepare the best possible attitudes and solutions in facing a recession, of course, in a way that is in accordance with Islamic teachings. In Islamic Dates, attitudes and solutions to face recession are always associated with the story of Nabi Yusuf (as), which is immortalized in Al-Qur’an Sura Yusuf. So that the purpose of this research is none other than to find the best relevant attitudes and solutions in facing the Recession through the content of Al-Qur’an Sura Yusuf uses the perspective of Fazlur Rahman's Double Movement Theory. The results : (1) A state official, should have the characteristics of Prophet Yusuf (as), namely, Makin (Have a good track record), Amin (Honest), Hafidz (Have Skills), and 'Aliim (Knowledgeable). 2). There are five attitudes that must be taken by society, by Individuals, by governments in the face of Recession. 3). The various economic policies of Prophet Yusuf are relevant for countries around the world in the face of economic recession. This research provides readers with recommendations on the insights of communities or individuals responding to economic recessions and developing strategies to overcome these challenges.

Fazlur Rahman thinking, in the contemporary Islamic world, is known as a figure who is able to convince in formulating methods to understand the Qur'an. The method brought by Fazlur Rahman in the formulation lies in the study of philosophy, social science, and humanities. The method brought by Fazlur Rahman is often referred to as double movement hermeneutics or hermeneutika gerakan ganda. The process involves repeated movements a number of times, especially the present and past problems of the contents of the Qur'an. In this study, there are two problems, how is the statement of BEM UI on the coronation of President Joko Widodo as 'The King of Lip Service' and the relevance of this to the verse of the Qur'an about keeping promises in QS. Ali 'Imran verse 77. This type of research is a study of literature with a double movement theory approach to seeking substantive matters in the law of the Qur'an regarding keeping promises. The results of this study are that leaders who do not keep their promises and are tyrannical to their people have existed since ancient times, one of which was after the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad, for example, Al-Hakim Biamrillah Al-Fathimi. Even worse, nearing the end of the world, many unjust leaders will appear. The inclusion of President Joko Widodo as The King of Lip Service is a sign of dissatisfaction with Joko Widodo's words from reality.

Abstract, In Islamic studies, hermeneutics is one approach used to understand Islamic teachings other than Philosophy, Linguistics, Sociology, Anthropology, Psychology, Phenomenology, and History. Hermeneutics is increasingly interesting because it has raised the pros and cons of using this approach to the text of the Qur'an. For Muslims, of course the hermeneutic approach is used to better understand the teachings of Islam which are faced with various challenges of the time. Fazlur Rahman is one of the Muslim hermeneut who offers a rational, systematic and comprehensive methodology in understanding the Qur'an so that it will be realized Al-Qur'an shalih li kulli era wa makan. The methodology can be said as an effort to make the Qur'an able to answer current problems and be able to accommodate changes and developments in the times. What is the hermeneutical concept? What is the methodology offered by Fazlur Rahman? What is the influence of the concepts of West Hermeneutics and Classical Mufassirin on the idea of Fazlur Rahman? These questions will be presented by the author. This study concludes; (1) The method of understanding Qur'anic hermeneutics ulumul through a double movement theory offered by Fazlur Rahman has a comprehensive, holistic and contextual interpretation. Where can be used as a basic reference in solving various current problems; (2) Through the double movement theory, it is expected that the teachings of the Qur'an can continue to live throughout the period because they always get the latest understanding and at the same time can avoid excessive and artificial interpretation; (3) A variety of holistic disciplines are needed to get a valid understanding of the Qur'an with the sociohistorical context and then apply it in the present context; (4) The contextualization contained in Fazlurrahman's thinking through the concept of hermeneutical interpretation of the double movement method is able to revive the Qur'anic texts in accordance with the times, even though methodologically the implementation of this method is imperfect and unable to answer all the problems of interpretation for verses verses that do not have a socio-historical background; (5) The positive side of Fazlur Rahman's hermeneutic thinking is his consistency in putting forward moral ideal principles rather than legal-specific contained in the text so that the meaning of the universality of the Qur'an as the Divine Word that applies li kulli zamaan wa makaan remains to be realized; (6) Fazlur Rahman's criticism grew out of the fact that Muslims had closed their scientific cognition all this time. As a result, so far they have been unable to see the horizon of horizons found in the Qur'an

Qibla direction determination is an important part of Muslim worship that signifies unity of direction and obedience to Allah SWT. However, in the development of modern science and technology, there are differences in the methods and results of determining the Qibla direction in various regions of the Islamic world. This problem requires a dynamic interpretation approach, so that the values of the Qur'an can be understood and applied according to the context of the times. This research uses Fazlur Rahman's hermeneutic approach with Double Movement theory to interpret the verses about Qibla direction. The results show that the Qibla direction is not just a matter of geographical precision, but a symbol of unity, independence, and spiritual orientation of Muslims. With the application of Double Movement, the moral values of the Qur'an can be actualized through the use of modern technology in a maslahat manner and in accordance with the objectives of sharia. in the application of the discovery method.

This paper aims to discuss the contribution of interpretation in the modern era which is examined through the concept of thought of the figures and the methodology of their interpretation. In this context, contemporary interpretation methods in the interpretation of the Koran make existing human problems the spirit of its interpretation. The research method used is library research, data presentation is descriptive, using historical-sociological analysis in the study of the science of the Qur'an. The results of this study are 1) the contribution of interpretation in the modern era has a lot of adab ijtima'i style so that it is very relevant to the human problems faced by humans in the current era; 2) the concept of thinking of contemporary figures is contextual by revealing the understanding of the meaning and values contained in the Qur'an to be actualized in overcoming contemporary problems and carrying out the moral ideals of the verses of the Qur'an such as the values of justice, equality, unity, and others not only interpret text literals only; 3) Contemporary interpretation methodology focuses more on thematic interpretation methods, emphasis on Arabic linguistics and language styles, double movement methods, and contextual interpretations

Fazlur Rahman’s hermeneutics, particularly his double movement theory, offers a novel approach to understanding Islamic texts, including Qur’anic verses on riba (usury). This approach emphasizes two key stages: first, examining the socio-historical context of the verses at the time of revelation, and second, applying the universal values of these verses in a contemporary setting. Through this method, Rahman seeks to bridge the gap between normative texts (das Sollen) and modern socio-economic realities (das Sein), ensuring that Islamic law remains relevant to changing times. However, his approach has not been without criticism, particularly from traditional scholars who argue that Rahman’s reinterpretation of riba contradicts classical Islamic jurisprudence, which categorically prohibits bank interest. This study evaluates Rahman’s hermeneutics in interpreting riba verses by integrating a historical-critical analysis with contemporary exegetical studies. The findings indicate that while Rahman’s approach provides an alternative perspective on Islamic legal interpretation, careful application of hermeneutical methods is necessary to maintain the fundamental principles of Islamic law