Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate how dental implant positioning can influence the masticatory stress distribution over screwed mandibular prosthodontics restoration and over the surrounding bone tissue. Moreover, the dental implant components and overdenture bar strengths under masticatory cycles have been investigated in order to evaluate possible screw and prosthesis breakage. A “virtual jaw” model and 3D dental implant were reproduced to realise finite element analysis in order to underline the parameters and the mechanical characteristics of the bone and of the dental implants connected to the overdenture bar. The distribution of a nonspecific chewing phase, analysing the overall load on the fixtures of the lower jaw, was performed. The study investigating frontal and horizontal planes and vertical directions of occlusal forces showed how position and perspective of fixtures strongly influenced the stress distribution and the consequent jawbone tissue remodelling. Prostheses elements such as cantilever, passing screws, and dental implants are strictly related to the correct selection of dental implant position. This study suggested a virtual method to guide the surgeon in the choice of implant number, position, diameter, and length, and cantilever length and shape, and to evaluate the prospective stress distribution of chewing strengths for a correct prosthesis rehabilitation.
Highlights
The modification of the bone tissue related to mechanical influence is a condition that has been analysed since the middle of the 19th century [1]
The alveolar bone is continuously subjected to the action of axial and lateral forces during masticatory cycles, and this physiological event determines deformation or strain over the periodontal tissues distributed over teeth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone
The principal aim of this study is analysis via the finite element method (FEM) of a dental implant placed over mandibular bone, recreating different conditions of stress and load with a dental overdenture bar prosthesis
Summary
The modification of the bone tissue related to mechanical influence is a condition that has been analysed since the middle of the 19th century [1]. The alveolar bone is continuously subjected to the action of axial and lateral forces during masticatory cycles, and this physiological event determines deformation or strain over the periodontal tissues distributed over teeth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Bone tissue growth or pathological events occur due to remodelling processes. This dynamic balance is influenced by two dynamic mechanisms: one of deposition due to osteoblast and the other of resorption due to osteoclast actions [1,2,3,4]. In different clinical conditions and especially after the loss of teeth, bone undergoes a process of progressive atrophy. How the alveolar bone undergoes physiological turnover as is seen with other bones has been evaluated, and during life it is involved in significant remodelling during tooth movement, masticatory loads, and other external stimuli like trauma or orthodontic tension [3,4]
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