Feed enrichment with different oil sources on the growth and survival rate of Asian redtail catfish larvae (Hemibagrus nemurus)

One of the freshwater fish commodity has a high economic value is Asian redtail catfish. However, the Asian redtail catfish growth relatively slow between larvae stage until fry stage. The solutions for this problem is giving probiotics that can be increase the growth of fish larvae. The aimed to analyse the effect of immersion on Asian redtail catfish larvae in probiotics to improve growth and survival rate. This study was conducted between May until July 2024 at the Laboratory of Fish Hatchery and Breeding, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Riau University. This study used a completely randomized design with immersion treatment using the probiotics trademark raja siam at different dose, namely 0 ml/L, 1.5 ml/L, 2.0 ml/L, and 2.5 ml/L. Based the results of study shown that the best dose of immersion on Asian redtail catfish larvae using probiotics was in 2.5 ml/L, the absolute weight growth at 9.7818 g, absolute length growth at 9.03 cm, specific growth rate at 11.91%/day, cannibalism type A, B were 2.00%, 0.00%, cannibalism index 2.00%, normal mortality 5.33% and survival rate 92.67%.

This research was carried out for 40 days from December 2021 to January 2022 at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Riau University, Pekanbaru. This study aimed to find out the effect of immersion eggs with different doses of vitamin C on egg hatchability, growth, and survival of Asian redtail catfish larvae and to find out the best dose of vitamin C for immersion Asian redtail catfish eggs. This study used a one-factor completely randomized design with four treatments with three replications. The treatments used were P0 (control), P1 using vitamin C 50 mg/L, P2 using vitamin C 100 mg/L and P3 using vitamin C 150 mg/L. Immersion Asian redtail catfish eggs using different doses of vitamin C had a significantly different effect (P<0.05) on the degree of fertilization, hatching rate, weight growth, length growth, specific growth rate, and survival rate of Asian redtail catfish larvae. The best dose of vitamin C for immersion Asian redtail catfish eggs is a dose of 150 mg/L with of 93.18% degree of fertilization, hatching rate of 86.24% absolute weight growth of 2.25 g, absolute length growth of 6.32 cm, the specific growth rate is 10.08% and the survival rate is 91.11%. The range of water quality obtained during the research supports hatching and rearing of Asian redtail catfish larvae, the temperature range is between 26.5 C to 27 C, water pH is 5.9 to 7 and dissolved oxygen is 4.9 to 6.

Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is one of the freshwater fish commodities that have high economic value and are popular with the public. To meet the consumption needs of the community, this fish farming business has started to be carried out, but the provision for the cultivation needs is still an obstacle that is always encountered. This is because of the high adhesion of the eggs in the hatching that is carried out so it will affect the fertilization and hatching values obtained. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of pineapple extract with different doses on egg adhesion, fertilization, hatching, growth, and survival of Asian redtail catfish fry. This research was conducted from April to June 2022 at the Laboratory of Fish Hatchery and Breeding, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Riau University. The design used was a completely randomized design with a dose of pineapple extract consisting of a P0 dose of 0% (control treatment without soaking pineapple solution), P1 dose of 0.75% (immersion treatment with a dose of 0.75 ml pineapple solution/liter of water). P2 at a dose of 1.00% (immersion treatment with a dose of 1.00 ml of pineapple solution/liter of water) and P3 at a dose of 1.25% (immersion treatment with a dose of 25 ml of pineapple solution/liter of water). The results showed that the best treatment was obtained at P2 treatment at a dose of 1.00% (immersion treatment with a dose of 1.00 ml pineapple solution/liter of water) with a fertilization value of 89.50%, hatching value of 82.37%, egg adhesion value 26, 16%, absolute weight growth of 1.3151 g, absolute length growth of 4.74 cm, a daily weight growth rate of 13,8057 % and survival rate of 72%.

This study was conducted in September-October 2021 at The Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru. The study aimed to determine the effect of immersion eggs with different doses of vitamin C on the hatchability, growth, and survival of larvae Pangasionodon hypophthalmus. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Different doses used in this study were C0 (control), C250 (250 mg/L), C500 (500 mg/L), C750 (750 mg/L), and C1000 (1000 mg/L) neutralized with NaOH solution. Immersion of eggs with vitamin C for 3 hours with a density of ~1000 eggs (1g) and water volume 1 L. fish larvae were maintained for 30 days. The results showed that different doses of vitamin C solution had a significant effect (P<0,05) on fertilization rate (91,33%), hatching rate (90,06%), and survival rate of larvae (90,25%). However, it did not significantly affect (P>0,05) the absolute length growth, weight growth, and specific growth rate of fish larvae. The research showed that vitamin C doses were used to increase the fertilization, hatching, and survival rate of fish larvae, which was 500 mg/L. the quality of water during the study was temperature, pH 4,6-7,2, DO 6,2-6,7 mg/L, and ammonia 0,0014-0,024 mg/L

Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is a freshwater commodity that has been cultivated and has high economic value. Feed is one of the important factors in cultivation. Larvae favor good quality feed and will increase their growth. Feed enrichment with fish oil will improve palatability and stimulate growth. One method to improve feed quality is to enrich it with fish oil derived from Pangasius processing waste. The purpose of the study was to determine the response and growth of Asian redtail catfish larvae to feed that had been enriched with oil derived from Pangasius processing waste at different doses. The treatments used were P1 = commercial feed without enrichment, P2 = feed enrichment with 8% fish oil, P3 = feed enrichment with 10% fish oil, P4 = feed enrichment with 12% fish oil, and P5 = feed enrichment with 14% fish oil, which was reared with a stocking density of 5 fish/L. The results showed that feed enrichment with oil derived from Pangasius processing waste influenced the feeding response of the Asian redtail catfish larvae with the best treatments P3 and P4 with a value of 9.0, while the best growth and survival was P3 (0.87 ± 0.00 and 82.33 ± 2.08). In conclusion, feed enrichment with a 10% dose gives the best response and effect on the growth of Asian redtail catfish larvae.

Pasta feed is one of the alternatives to replace natural food. However, the problem is that the digestibility of post larvae is still low. One approach to improve the digestibility of fish larvae of Asian redtail catfish is by giving probiotics. The research aimed to evaluate the addition of probiotics to pasta feed on fish larvae growth and survival rate in Asian redtail catfish. This research was conducted on Mei to Juni 2022 at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Fisheries and Marine Faculty, Universitas Riau. The treatments in this research, namely P0 (0 mL/kg feed), P1 (10 mL/kg feed), P2 (15 mL/kg feed), P3 (20 mL/kg feed) and P4 (25 mL/kg feed). Seeds 4 days after hatching were reared in the aquarium with 15 L at stocking density 2 larvae/l for 21 days. The parameters observed were length and weight growth, specific growth rate, and survival. Feed was given 4 times/day at 40% of biomass. The result showed that the larvae fed 10 ml probiotic/kg feed had the highest growth rate (0,13 g, 1,56 cm, and 17,86 %/day), and the highest survival rate was 85,56%. The research results showed that adding probiotics in the pasta feed increased length and weight growth, specific growth rate, and survival of fish larvae Asian redtail catfish

This research aim to determine the optimal dose of additional herbal supplements in feed toward the growth performance and survival rate of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by using recirculation system. This research was conducted on November 01-December 10, 2021 at Laboratory of aquaculture technology, Marine and Fisheries Faculty, University of Riau. This research was using experimental method by completely random design (RAL) one factor with three replications. The treatments were: A: 0 mL/kg of feed (control), B: 50 mL/kg of feed, C: 75 mL/kg of feed, and D: 100 mL/kg of feed. The herbal supplements were consisted of turmeric, and ginger with Bacillus sp. and yeast (Rhizopus oligosporus). The results showed that a different doses of additional herbal supplements affecting the growth performance and the survival rate of catfish using recirculation system. In addition, it also affected the absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, feed efficiency and feed conversion ratio.The optimal dose was at 100 mL/kg of feed as it showed significantly different results compared to control. So that while being applied in terms of economy, 100 mL/kg was the most efficient dose, by giving the specific growth rate was 1,55%, survival rate was 98,3%, absolute weight growth was 8,67 g, absolute length was 6,23 cm, feed efficiency was 79,53% and feed conversion ratio was 1,26.

The research was conducted at fish nutrition laboratory and the reservoir of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Riau which was carried out from July to September 2021. This study aims to find out the effect of the use of sente leaf flour (Alocasia macrorrhiza) fermented with kombucha in feed on the growth of Asian Redtail Catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus). This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 levels of treatment and 3 repetitions so that 15 experimental units were needed. Asian Redtail Catfish are used weigh 1.24 ± 0.02 g. The test fish used is inserted into the cage with a stocking solid of 25 heads / m3. The treatment used in this study is in the form of the use of fermented cente leaf flour in feed by 0, 5, 10, 15, 20%. Test feed is given as much as 10% of the biomass weight with the frequency of feeding 3 times a day, feeding is carried out for 56 days. To measure the digestibility of fish feed is given feed containing Cr2O3 as much as 0.5% of the amount of feed. Test fish measuring 1.24 ± 0.02 g are put into the aquarium with a stocking solid of 10 heads / cm3. After feeding, fish feces are collected and dried to measure their Cr2O3 and protein levels. The results showed sente leaf flour fermented using kombucha was able to replace soy flour by 20% in fish feed and gave the best results, namely feed digestibility 66.22%, protein digestibility 81.08%, feed efficiency 43.84%, protein retention 24.81%, specific growth rate 3.36% and 96.67% survival.

Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is a freshwater fish commodity with high economic value. However, the growth of the catfish larvae into fry is relatively slow. The administration of probiotics as a solution can increase the growth of fish larvae. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the use of probiotics with a larval immersion method on the growth and survival of Asian redtail catfish larvae. A completely randomized design was adopted with four treatments and three replicates. Immersion treatment using probiotics consisted of P0 (control treatment without probiotic immersion), P1 (immersion treatment with a dose of 2.0 ml.L-1 of water), P2 (immersion treatment with a dose of 4.0 ml.L-1 of water), and P3 (immersion treatment with a dose of 6.0 ml.L-1 of water), with a stocking density of 50 fish/aquarium. The immersion was carried out every 10 days for 10 minutes in a basin container using 1 liter of water according to the specified dose. The results showed that the immersion larvae in probiotics significantly affected the biometric growth and survival (p<0.05). The highest biometric growth and survival was in P3- the group of immersion treatment with a dose of 6.0 ml.L-1 of water. This obtained absolute weight, length, and specific growth of 7.04 g, 8.81 cm, and 11.37% per day, as well as cannibalism type A and B of 8.00% and 0.00%, with cannibalism index, normal mortality, survival rate of 8.00%, 3.33%, and 88.67%, respectively.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cold shock time and temperature on larval viability and the formation of tetraploid Asian redtail catfish, Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840). A completely randomized factorial design was used with 2 factors, shock time after fertilization (AF) which consisted of 5 levels (26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, and 30th min AF) and shock temperature with 3 levels (6, 8, and 10 °C). Furthermore, each group carried out in 3 replicates, and the observed parameters including the percentage of tetraploid fish, fertilization rate, hatching, larval survival, and percentage of abnormal larvae recorded. The identification of tetraploid individuals was based on the analysis of the total nucleoli, erythrocyte size, and DNA content by flow cytometry. The results showed that cold temperature shock had an effect on hatching rate, survival rate, and the number of abnormal larvae (p &lt; 0.05) but had no effect on egg fertilization rate (p &gt; 0.05). The highest hatching rate was obtained in temperature shock treatment at 10 °C (60.06 ± 0.85 %), while the highest survival was obtained in temperature shock treatment at 10 °C (68.33 ± 1.38 %). Moreover, the shock time AF and temperature shock treatments influenced the formation of tetraploid the Asian redtail catfish (p &lt; 0.05). Shock treatment at 28 min AF with a shock temperature of 6 °C for 3 min produced the highest tetraploid percentage (78.33 ± 1.67 %, p &lt; 0.05). Tetraploid the Asian redtail catfish had a maximum number of 4 nucleoli per cell, while diploid catfish had a maximum of 2. The erythrocyte and nucleus volumes were 98.26 and 99.51 %, respectively, which were larger than those of the diploid the Asian redtail catfish. Furthermore, the DNA content in the tetraploid individuals was twice that in the diploid individuals. Thus, cold temperature shock at 6 °C for 3 min to the 28-minute-old embryos to produce a tetraploid the Asian redtail catfish is recommended. HIGHLIGHTS This article focuses on the application of cold shock to the formation of tetraploid Asian Redtail Catfish Cold shock in embryos can produce tetraploid Asian Redtail Catfish Tetraploid in Asian Redtail Catfish is an intermediate process to produce triploid Asian Redtail Catfish The success of tetraploid induction of Asian Redtail Catfish is affected by shock time and shock temperature GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy L, 1801) is one of the freshwater fish commodities with high economic value that has slow growth. The feed used is still very minimal so the growth rate of gourami fish is slow. One approach that can be taken to increase the growth and nutritional value of gourami fish is by adding nutrients in the form of omega-3 salmon fish oil to the feed. This study aimed to evaluate the enrichment of commercial feed with omega-3 in increasing the growth and nutritional value of gourami fish carcasses. This study was carried out from May to July 2023 at the Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, University of Riau. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) experimental method with 4 experiments and 3 replications, the experiments used were, P0 (without fish oil), P1 (salmon oil 5g/kg), P2 (salmon oil 10g/kg), P3 (salmon oil 15 g/kg). The fingerlings were raised for 60 days with a stocking density of 20 fish/container. The results showed that enrichment of feed with salmon fish oil significantly effect (P0.05) on growth rate and increased nutritional value. Experiment P3 (salmon oil 15g/kg) produced a higher growth rate compared to other treatments, namely absolute weight of 9.05+0,76 g, absolute length of 4.80 cm, specific growth rate of 1.16+0,07 %, feed conversion ratio of 2.4+0,24%, efficiency feed of 40.5+4,0%, hepatosomatic index of 3.3+0,11%, viscera somatic index of 3.6+0,22%, mesenteric fat index of 3.2+0,06%, EPA of 2.85%, and DHA of 2.31%. In conclusion, adding salmon fish oil increases the growth and value of EPA and DHA in gourami fish meat. Water quality parameters were considered good with a temperature of 28-32oC, pH of 5.2-6.7, DO of 6.5-8.5 mg/l, and NH3 of 0.14-0.85 mg/l.Keywords: Feed Enrichment; Gourami Fingerlings; Growth; Nutritional Value

The purpose of the study was to know the best salinity of eggs hatching period, the hatching percentage, the hatching rate, the percentage of normal larva and survival rate of baung fish larva ( Hemibagrus nemurus Blkr.) until it 2 days age.  This research was conducted at Balai Benih Ikan of Gandus sub-district, Palembang, South Sumatra Province in February 2008. This research used the Complete Random Design with four different salinity treatments as like S0 (control), S1 (2 ppt), S2 (4 ppt), and S3 (6 ppt) by each three replications. Parameter observed the hatching period, the hatching percentage, the hatching rate, the percentage of normal larva, the survival rate of larva 2 days age, and water quality. This result of the research showed that the salinity influenced evidently on the hatching capability of Baung Fish Eggs. The salinity 6 ppt had fastest time for the hatching period with of hatching time was 21.73 hours then hatch entirely after 29 hours. The best salinity for the hatching percentage (85,33%) and the hatching rate (21.37 fish per hour) was 2 ppt. The control had the highest value (95.05%) for the percentage of normal larva. The salinity of 2 ppt had the highest value (82.59%) for the life of larva on age of 2 days. This measure of water quality is temperature (27.5 o C-28 o C), pH (7.00-7.12), DO (6.0-6.5 mg.L -1 ), and NH 3 (0.05-0.09 mg.L -1 ).  Keywords : Hemibargus nemurus, salinity, egg hatching percentage

The thyroxine has been known as a hormone that can increase fish growth especially in the larvae stage. The provision of hormone thyroxine on larvae fish can be conducted through dipping. Determination of dipping time are very important to increase growth. The purposes of this research are determining the optimum dipping time for the growth and survival rate of snakehead larvae. This research was done at Laboratorium Dasar Perikanan, Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya, Indralaya. The method used Competely Randomized Design (RAL) with five treatments and three replicates, with dipping time are 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 hours. The parameters observed are the absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, survival rate of larvae and water quality (temperature, pH and disolved oxygen). The results showed that the duration of immersion in thyroxine hormone solution in snakehead larvae showed relatively faster growth on treatment (P5) with 36 hours of dipping time. While the regression test result showed the optimal growth of snakehead larvae at the time immersion for 27,92 – 29,49 hours. Thyroxine hormone increased the growth of snakehead larvae but has no statistically significant effect. The length of time of thyroxine hormone 24-36 hours with a dosage of 0.1 mg l-1 did not affect the survival of snakehead larvae. Water quality of maintenance media is still tolerance for supporting the growth and survival of snakehead larvae.

Background: The Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus is a promising commercial aquaculture freshwater big-sized Bagridae catfish across Asian countries such as the Mekong, Malay Peninsula, and Indonesia. This study analysed the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) supplementation in diets on changes in fatty acid compositions in feed and fish meat, lipid quality (atherogenic index and thrombogenic index), growth rate, body indicators, and serum metabolites of Hemibagrus nemurus juveniles. Methods: A total of 180 Asian redtail catfish (initial weight 54.80 ± 2.72 g) were fed four levels (0, 3,150, 6,300, and 9,450 mg of EPA+DHA/kg feed) sourced from fish oil. Diets were fed in triplicate in freshwater tarpaulin ponds, with 15 fish per tarpaulin pond. During the experiment, fish were fed 3% per day of the biomass weight. Results: Categorically, there were significant differences in the composition of fatty acids in the feed and fish meat. The atherogenic index was between 1.76 and 1.84, and the thrombogenic index was between 0.81 and 0.89 in all fish meat. Growth performance was significantly different between diets, while body indices did not make a significant difference between diets. The fish meat EPA and DHA showed positive linear relationships with diet EPA (p &lt;0.001, r2 = 90%) and DHA diet (p&lt;0.001, r2 = 85%). Serum metabolites among treatments D2 and D3 diet-fed feed for 60 days did not significantly differ. Glucose (GLU) levels had moderate relationships with triglycerides (TAG) (r2 = 65%), and GLU levels strongly correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (r2 = 81%). Conclusions: Based on diets and whole-body carcass compositions, growth performance, and serum metabolites, Asian redtail catfish fed a diet containing 6,300 mg of EPA+DHA/kg feed are best for food safety.

Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is one of the economic freshwater fish species in Indonesia. There is still a lack of information regarding water quality tolerance of Asian redtail catfish. Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain information on the stress response of Asian redtail catfish under various pH exposures. The experimental fish was the second generation of domesticated Asian redtail catfish from the Cirata population (Length: 11.7 ± 0.6 cm; Weight: 13.2 ± 1.6 g). The pH treatment in this experiment was low pH (4-5), optimal pH (6-9), and high pH (10-11) with three replicates in each treatment. Stress response was observed by measuring blood glucose and plasma cortisol. Moreover, fish behavior and survival were also observed. Results showed that glucose level of Asian redtail catfish fingerlings was higher at low pH treatment (258.8 ± 75.1 mg/dL) than optimal (58.7 ± 7.5 mg/dL) and high pH treatment (151.0 ± 21.5 mg/dL) (P<0.05). Cortisol level at low (34.02 ± 3.16 IU) and high pH (32.88 ± 13.85 IU) was significantly higher than optimal pH treatment (12.56 ± 5.18 IU) (P<0.05). Low and high pH exposure to Asian redtail catfish increased their cortisol and glucose levels, which will lead them to mortality.