Features of the neutrophil granulocyte system in patients with common scalp defects

Abstract

Objective. To identify the dynamics of changes in the structure of the neutrophil granulocyte system in patients with extensive scalp defects before and after their surgical closure. Materials and methods. A computer morphometric analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of neutrophilic granulocytes of patients with common scalp defects who were treated at the Department of Microvascular Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Shalimov National Scientific Centre of Surgery and Transplantation from 2017 to 2023. The main group included 15 patients with widespread defects of the soft tissues of the scalp in the I – II stage of the wound process (10) and arteriovenous angiodysplasias in the III stage according to Schobinger (5). The control group consisted of 15 volunteers without pathology. The structure features (optical cytoplasmic density in units, which indicates the presence of bactericidal potential, and cell area in μm², which indicates the level of activation) of peripheral blood neutrophil granulocytes before and after surgical closure of the defect were studied. Results. Before the surgical intervention, a pronounced polymorphism was detected, which meant a functional failure of the neutrophil granulocyte system. After surgery and healing of the defect, excessive polymorphism of the neutrophil granulocyte system was not detected in patients. Conclusions. The assessment of the degree of cellular polymorphism of neutrophil granulocytes determines the diagnostic efficiency of the study and makes it possible to identify and predict the development of local inflammation and infectious complications in patients with scalp defects.