Features of keeping calves in the conditions of the dairy complex of the Leningrad region

Abstract

Purpose: This work is based on a study of the features of keeping young cattle (organization of livestock placement, feeding regimen, veterinary manipulations) in a breeding plant in the Leningrad Region, assessing these features and identifying their impact on the state of the livestock and animal productivity.2000 heads of cattle, of which 915 are part of the dairy herd with average daily milk yield per cow - 19-20 kg (when cows are milked 2 times a day, freshly calved - 3 times) and the mass fraction of fat is 3.7%. After birth, calves are kept in a dispensary for up to 20 days, tied at a distance of 1.5-2 m from each other. After 20 days, the calves are transferred to group cages, 7 heads each, with a gradual change in feeding regimen. After 25 days, they are transferred to the calf house. The most common diseases in young animals are bronchopneumonia, pulmonary enphysema and dyspepsia. To prevent the development of infectious diseases in calves, vaccination is carried out from the age of 14 days. Against parainfluenza-3 and pasteurellosis vaccines Bovilis IBR (live labeled vaccine for specific prophylaxis against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) and Bovilis Bovipast RSP vaccine (inactivated vaccine against parainfluenza-3 , respiratory syncytial infection and pasteurellosis of cattle) are used at a dose of 5 ml subcutaneously. At the age of three weeks, calves are vaccinated against salmonellosis (paratyphoid) and parainfluenza (again - after 10 days). After 2 weeks, calves are vaccinated against leptospirosis (repeat - after six months). From the age of two months they are vaccinated against tuberculosis. From the age of three months - against brucellosis, anthrax (revaccination after six months), depriving and rabies. At 3 months, the first deworming is carried out. Vaccination can increase the survival rate of young animals up to 97%. The ongoing activities are the main ones for the further use of breeding and commercial animals, the realization of their genetic potential and the production of high-quality products.