Abstract
The research focuses on the study of the phenomenon of syntactic complication of a simple sentence structure by semipredicative adjectival components (traditionally known as detached participle and verbal adverb phrases) with the inherent potential predicativeness. The article explores the analysis of simple sentences complicated by semipredicative adjectival components is predefined foremost by their ability to distinguish priorities of a personality in his/her act of communication during which a speaker differentiates his/her propostions as dynamic or static, full-sentenced or shortened. The scientific relevance of the investigation is predetermined by a general tendency of modern linguistic studies towards the problems of semantic syntax, and by the attempt to elaborate a semantic theory of a sentence with regard to the central place of syntax in grammar, asymmetry of a language sign, deep categories of sentence. Detachment and semipredicativeness have been characterized as formally-syntactic categories of a simple sentence complicated by semipredicative adjectival components; secondary predication has been analysed as a marker of semantic complication of simple sentences with semipredicative adjectival components. Functional potential of semipredicative adjectival components in the structure of a simple sentence has been described. On the basis of six criteria a structural-semantical typology of semipredicative adjectival components has been elaborated. Basic types of realization of semantic-syntactical relations between the proposition represented by a sentence and the shortened proposition have been characterized. The following methods are used in the article: structural, semantic, distributive, transformational and functional analyses of simple sentences with adjectival components as units that are monopredicative (a formally-syntactic feature), poly-situational, polypropositional, poly-predicative, mono- / poly-subjective (semantic-syntactical features), polyinformative and are formed according to the law of language economy (a functional feature).
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